Author Correction: Identification and targeting of an FGFR fusion in a pediatric thalamic “central oligodendroglioma”

Linzey, Joseph R; Marini, Bernard L.; McFadden, Kathryn; Lorenzana, Adonis; Mody, Rajen; Robertson, Patricia L.; Koschmann, Carl

doi:10.1038/s41698-018-0054-1

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Several case reports have been published demonstrating the efficacy of targeting ROS1, FGFR, NTRK, and MET gene fusions in pHGGs [57][58][59][60], but with regard to the proof of efficacy, data from clinical trials is lacking for many of these RTK inhibitors. Success in NTRK fusion inhibition is largely drawn from larotrectinib, a highly selective TRK inhibitor that is well tolerated in pediatric patients and has shown significant antitumor activity in patients with TRK fusion positive cancers [61].…”

Section: Braf Mutation and Braf/mek Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Brain Tumors

Mueller

Stücklin

Postlmayr

et al. 2020

Curr Treat Options Neurol

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Purpose of Review Over the last years, our understanding of the molecular biology of pediatric brain tumors has vastly improved. This has led to more narrowly defined subgroups of these tumors and has created new potential targets for molecularly driven therapies. This review presents an overview of the latest advances and challenges of implementing targeted therapies into the clinical management of pediatric brain tumors, with a focus on gliomas, craniopharyngiomas, and medulloblastomas. Recent Findings Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) show generally a low mutational burden with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling presenting a key driver for these tumors. Direct inhibition of this pathway through BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors has proven to be a clinically relevant strategy. More recently, MEK and IL-6 receptor inhibitors have started to be evaluated in the treatment for craniopharyngiomas. Aside these low-grade tumors, pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and medulloblastomas exhibit substantially greater molecular heterogeneity with various and sometimes unknown tumor driver alterations. The clinical benefit of different targeted therapy approaches to interfere with altered signaling pathways and restore epigenetic dysregulation is undergoing active clinical testing. For these multiple pathway-driven tumors, combination strategies will most likely be required to achieve clinical benefit. Summary The field of pediatric neuro-oncology made tremendous progress with regard to improved diagnosis setting the stage for precision medicine approaches over the last decades. The potential of targeted therapies has been clearly demonstrated for a subset of pediatric brain tumors. However, despite clear response rates, questions of sufficient blood-brain barrier penetration, optimal dosing, treatment duration as well as mechanisms of resistance and how these can be overcome with potential combination strategies need to be addressed in future investigations. Along this line, it is critical for future trials to define appropriate endpoints to assess therapy responses as well as short and long-term toxicities in the growing and developing child.

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