Author Correction: Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide

“…Moreover, negative PSFs may restrict local distribution ranges of species, generating higher species turnover among localities due to fewer shared species with narrower distributions 34 , 36 . As negative PSFs may decrease with increasing latitude 44 , weaker negative PSFs for AM trees at higher latitudes could decrease species turnover 25 , 33 , 34 , 36 . Our result that species turnover of AM trees and all trees decreased with increasing latitude is in line with our expectation.…”

“…Furthermore, AM and EcM plants respond differently to climate conditions, with AM plants preferring to wet and warm conditions, while EcM plants are better adapted to dry and cold conditions. Thus, the warm, wet, and aseasonal tropical regions with high decomposition rates are primarily dominated by AM trees despite of some exceptional EcM-tree-dominated forests, whereas the dry, cold, and seasonal temperate regions are primarily dominated by EcM trees 24 , 25 . This latitudinal gradient in habitat adaptation may provide AM trees in tropical regions with higher speciation rates but lower selective extinction rates than in temperate regions 23 – 25 , 30 , 31 .…”

“…Thus, the warm, wet, and aseasonal tropical regions with high decomposition rates are primarily dominated by AM trees despite of some exceptional EcM-tree-dominated forests, whereas the dry, cold, and seasonal temperate regions are primarily dominated by EcM trees 24 , 25 . This latitudinal gradient in habitat adaptation may provide AM trees in tropical regions with higher speciation rates but lower selective extinction rates than in temperate regions 23 – 25 , 30 , 31 . Such higher speciation rates and/or lower extinction rates of trees may in turn increase total beta-diversity and species turnover in the tropics by increasing the number of species in the regional species pool 15 , 32 .…”

“…Mycorrhizal associations may influence latitudinal variation in beta-diversity through differences in how AM and EcM plants adapt to habitat conditions (i.e., habitat adaptation) 24 – 27 . Greater adaptation of species to specific habitat conditions may enhance speciation rates and reduce extinction rates 25 , 28 . AM plants and EcM plants differ in their soil nutrient uptake capacities and trade-offs of carbon cost.…”

“…In contrast, species nestedness of EcM plants may increase with latitude due to the greater prevalence of EcM species with positive PSFs 5 , 24 – 26 , 35 . Despite widespread interest in how mycorrhizal associations influence host population dynamics, biodiversity maintenance, and ecosystem functioning at various spatial scales 25 – 27 , the effects of mycorrhizal associations on the latitudinal gradient in tree beta-diversity remain unexplored.…”