“…Such a quantized θ can lead to the image magnetic monopole effect [4], the quantized magnetooptical Faraday/Kerr effect [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], the topological magnetoelectric effect (TME) [2,[13][14][15][16][17][18] and the half-integer quantum Hall effect on the T -breaking surface of TIs [2]. Recently, the axion field in condensed matters was reported in charge-density-wave Weyl semimetals [19], magnetic topological insulators [20][21][22][23][24][25] and topologicalmaterial heterostructures [26,27]. More detailed discussions of the axion physics in condensed matters can be found in a recent review [28].…”