Authigenic Mineral Formation by Solodization

Spiers, Graeme; Pawluk, S.; Dudas, M. J.

doi:10.4141/cjss84-053

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…(A16Si3oO72)'24H20, seems to be the most abundant zeolite in soils and sediments (Ming and Mumpton, 1987). Clinoptilolite has been reported in slightly acid to strongly alkaline soils (Ming and Dixon, 1986;Speirs et al, 1984;Jacob, 1984;Graham and Southard, 1983;Fanning et al, 1983;Southard and Kolesar, 1978;Asvadurov et al, 1978;Travnikova et al, 1973;Gorbunov and Bobrovitskiy, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination of Clinoptilolite in Soils by a Cation-Exchange Capacity Method

Ming¹,

Dixon

1987

Clays and clay miner.

204

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Abstract--A cation-exchange capacity (CEC) method based on ion-sieving properties was developed for the quantitative determination of clinoptilolite in soils. In this method, both zeolitic and non-zeolitic exchange sites in the soil sample are saturated with Na t. The CEC of the non-zeolitic exchange sites is determined by replacing the Na-in these sites with tert-butylammonium ions. The tert-butylammonium ion cannot be exchanged into the zeolitic exchange sites because it is too large to pass through the channels in the clinoptilolite structure. The sample is next washed with NH4OAc to replace the Na + in the zeolitic exchange sites. The amount of soil zeolite is then estimated by comparing the CEC of zeolitic exchange sites to the total zeolite CEC ( 175 meq/100 g for pure clinoptilolite). Prior to the CEC analyses, carbonates and organic matter must be removed to minimize interference with the exchange process. A high correlation (r-' = .96) was observed between the abundance of clinoptilolite estimated using the CEC method and the abundance estimated by semiquantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis.The CEC procedure was used to quantify clinoptilolite in an Aridic Calciustoll soil from south Texas. About 2-5% clinoptilolite occurs in the A and B horizons, and concentrations progressively increase with soil depth to as much as 20% in the CBk2 horizon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination of Clinoptilolite in Soils by a Cation-Exchange Capacity Method

Ming¹,

Dixon

1987

Clays and clay miner.

204

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“…There are some reports about the formation of smectite in the saline-alkaline soil environment. It is noted that the sources of smectite in the salinized soil include: (1) soluble silica and alumina, which may combine with soluble bases to form smectite [2], (2) residual enrichment from parental material [30], and (3) illite transform into smectite [9,31]. In the study region, Wang et al confirmed that the parent rock is composed mostly of illite, so smectite is not residual enrichment from parental material [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the research on the formation of smectite in the saline soil, researchers also found that the content of smectite in the surface soil of the saline-alkaline soil profiles was less than that in the deep soil layers. One opinion was that smectite was translocated by processes of lessivage from the Ae to Bnt horizons, which led to smectite as the major clay mineral in both the B and C horizons of solonetzic soil [9]. The justification of this result is based on the fact that clay content in B horizons of a soil profile is higher than that in the A horizons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Smectite in Salinized Soil of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang of China

Xie

Huang

et al. 2019

Minerals

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In this paper, salinized soils with different degrees of salinity are sampled in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang of China. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are employed to investigate the morphology and distribution characteristics of smectite in salinized soil profiles. In the salinized soil profiles of this region, crystals of smectite are poor where lattice fringes are not parallel. In all soil layers, the content of smectite in the soil increases with the decrease in content of illite, which has demonstrated significant negative correlation (r = 0.79, n = 50, p < 0.01) between illite and smectite. This phenomenon has demonstrated that illite may be transformed into smectite in salinized soils of studied regions. In general, the transformation process of illite to smectite is affected by climate condition. The δ18O values of secondary carbonate in the 0–10 cm soil layers is higher than that in deep soil layers, which indicates that δ18O concentrates in surface soil and reflects temperature rise during soil layer formation. The δ13C values of secondary carbonate and soil organic matter in 0-10cm soil layers are higher than that in deep soil layers. It indicates that C4 plants were the main plants, which reflects that the climate was relatively dry during the formation of the surface soil. Thus, the climate during the surface soil formation is arid, which is not conducive for leaching K+ from illite of the 0–10 cm soil to form smectite. As a result, the content of the smectite becomes lowest in the soil surface. In the relative humid condition of deep soil layers, the K+ of the illite of the soil would be relative easily leached and more smectite may be formed. Furthermore, the presence of salt in the salinized soil would promote the formation of smectite in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang. A lot of Ca2+, Na + and Mg2+ in the soil solution of salinized soils would enter into the illite and occupy K+ positions. The studied result shows that the amount of smectite would increase with the increase of salt below 10cm of the soil layer, where the amount of smectite would be significantly correlated with soil electrical conductivity (r = 0.64, n = 39, p < 0.01). In the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, therefore, the salinized soil below 10 cm would have the necessary water conditions and chemical components for illite transformation to smectite.

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“…SEM studies of pedogenic zeolites include investigations of fractions obtained by mineral separation, whereby the euhedral nature of zeolite crystals is indicative of formation from soil solutions and the presence of dissolution features records instability in specific horizons (Spiers et al, 1984). In SEM studies of undisturbed fragments, indications of authigenesis again include a lack of corrosion (Gibson et al, 1983), as well as zeolite occurrences in pores (e.g.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Authigenic Silicate Minerals – Sepiolite-Palygorskite, Zeolites and Sodium Silicates

Mees

2010

Interpretation of Micromorphological Features of Soils and Regoliths

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Authigenic Mineral Formation by Solodization

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Quantitative Determination of Clinoptilolite in Soils by a Cation-Exchange Capacity Method

Quantitative Determination of Clinoptilolite in Soils by a Cation-Exchange Capacity Method

Origin of Smectite in Salinized Soil of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang of China

Authigenic Silicate Minerals – Sepiolite-Palygorskite, Zeolites and Sodium Silicates

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