Authenticity and quality evaluation of different Rhodiola species and commercial products based on NMR‐spectroscopy and HPLC

Abstract

Introduction: The main concern regarding the authenticity and quality of Rhodiola rosea L. (Sedum rosea (L.) Scop.) products is their adulteration with other Rhodiola species. Objective: The aim of the study was the development of a reliable and practical analytical platform for quality and quantity assessment of the characteristic molecules in three Rhodiola species (R. rosea, R. kirilowii (Regel) Maxim and R. crenulata (Hook. f. & Thomson) H. Ohba), commercial products and their possible application as markers for the authentication of R. rosea based products. Material and Methods: The major molecules were identified by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics and quantitatively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) analysis. The orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed the specific patterns in the metabolite profiles of R. rosea and R. crenulata. Results: The coumarin crenulatin was only identified in R. crenulata and can be used as a marker to detect potential adulteration of the commercial products. Crenulatin was identified in two of the four analysed products by NMR-spectroscopy. According to the HPLC data, in less than a quarter of all products, the labelled amounts of salidroside and total rosavins were confirmed. Conclusions: The developed analytical platform was found to be useful in the investigations of the phytochemical diversity of different Rhodiola species, the recognition of the unique metabolites between them and the identification of adulterated products. Therefore, this approach could be applied from the earliest to the latest stages of the value chain in the manufacturing of R. rosea based products.

West meets east: open up a dialogue on phytomedicine

“…That has led, unsurprisingly, to frequently reported adulteration, as well as low‐quality and even unsafe products [ 13 ]. As many adulterants are difficult to discriminate, there is an urgent need not only to develop artificial cultivation technologies, but also a consolidated worldwide program for quality assessment of phytomedicine [ 93 ].…”

You Are What You Eat: Application of Metabolomics Approaches to Advance Nutrition Research

“…Metabolomics employs different analytical platforms including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [22][23][24][25][26][27], Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy [28][29][30][31], mass spectrometry (MS) [32][33][34][35] and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Biotechnologically-Produced Myconoside and Calceolarioside E Induce Nrf2 Expression in Neutrophils

“…Extracts or pure myconoside from the Orpheus' flower have revealed a remarkable antioxidant and anti-aging activity [12], as well as, cytoprotective [13], radioprotective, anticlastogenic, and stimulatory effect on the regeneration of human fibroblasts in vitro [1,14]. Our previous expertise with phenylethanoid glucosides-rich extracts or pure molecules, such as verbascoside and forsythoside B, provided evidence on their anti-inflammatory activity on interferon gamma (IFN-γ) stimulated primary cultures of normal human keratinocytes [15]. In the last several years, two reports have shown that phenylpropanoids can act as activators of Nrf2 affecting Nrf2-ARE luciferase reports cell activity, Nrf2 protein level, and its downstream target genes expression [16,17].…”