Authentication Scheme for Flexible Charging and Discharging of Mobile Vehicles in the V2G Networks

Abstract

Abstract-Navigating security and privacy challenges is one of the crucial requirements in the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) network. Since Electric Vehicles (EV) need to provide their private information to aggregators/servers when charging/discharging at different charging stations, privacy of the vehicle owners can be compromised if the information is misused, traced, or revealed. In a wide V2G network, where vehicles can move outside of their home network to visiting networks, security and privacy becomes even more challenging due to untrusted entities in the visiting networks. Although some privacy-preserving solutions were proposed in literature to tackle this problem, they do not protect against well-known security attacks and generate a huge overhead. Therefore, we propose a mutual authentication scheme to preserve privacy of the EV's information from aggregators/servers in the home as well as distributed visiting V2G networks. Our scheme, based on a bilinear pairing technique with an accumulator performing batch verification, yields higher system efficiency, defeats various security attacks, and maintains untraceability, forward privacy, and identity anonymity. Performance analysis shows that our scheme, in comparison with existing solutions, generates significantly lower communication and computation overheads in the home and centralized V2G networks, and comparable overheads in the distributed visiting V2G networks.

Network Security and Privacy Challenges in Smart Vehicle-to-Grid

“…However, the smart grid needs to work in both modes until the migration is completed. An example of operating in both modes is when the vehicle's charging and discharging is performed in the distributed network, whereas only the vehicle's discharging is allowed in the centralized network [1,9]. The V2G system requires the distributed and centralized networks to charge and discharge the battery of the vehicle at a charging station along with a secure payment system to support these operations.…”

“…Liu et al [9] proposed a role-dependent scheme using hybrid cryptographic primitives (e.g., ring signature, fair blind signature, and proxy re-encryption) in which a battery vehicle interacts with the power grid in different roles, that is, energy demand (i.e., as a consumer), energy storage, and energy supply (i.e., as a generator). Saxena et al [1] proposed a scheme using a dynamic accumulator based on a bilinear pairing that handles dynamic connect and disconnect for a number of vehicles from a charging station, and performs secure vehicle operations in the centralized and distributed V2G networks under home area and visited area scenarios.…”

“…To support V2G communications, a Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) protocol is specifically designed for communications-based active safety applications, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) that includes IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 1609 wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) [1]. DSRC provides the communication between the vehicles and electric power systems.…”

“…Since a large number of entities would be involved in future V2G networks, the generated overheads must be kept as low as possible. These overheads have direct impact on the optimal performance-security trade-off [1].…”

PBF: A New Privacy-Aware Billing Framework for Online Electric Vehicles with Bidirectional Auditability

“…All vehicles in traffic jam must pay for charging even if they do not want to charge. Saxena and Choi proposed a bilinear pairing based authentication scheme for flexible charging in vehicle-to-grid networks [23]. However, their proposed scheme is not compatible with our environment as they considered a wired charging which vehicles need to be connected to for a relatively longer time period.…”