Authentication of Scalable Video Streams With Low Communication Overhead

Abstract

Abstract-The large prevalence of multimedia systems in recent years makes the security of multimedia communications an important and critical issue. We study the problem of securing the delivery of scalable video streams so that receivers can ensure the authenticity of the video content. Our focus is on recent scalable video coding (SVC) techniques, such as H.264/SVC, which can provide three scalability types at the same time: temporal, spatial, and visual quality. This three-dimensional scalability offers a great flexibility that enables customizing video streams for a wide range of heterogeneous receivers and network conditions. This flexibility, however, is not supported by current stream authentication schemes in the literature. We propose an efficient and secure authentication scheme that accounts for the full scalability of video streams, and enables verification of all possible substreams that can be extracted from the original stream. In addition, we propose an algorithm for minimizing the amount of authentication information that need to be attached to streams. The proposed authentication scheme supports end-to-end authentication, in which any third-party entity involved in the content delivery process, such as stream adaptation proxies and caches, does not have to understand the authentication mechanism. Our simulation study with real video traces shows that the proposed authentication scheme is robust against packet losses, incurs low computational cost for receivers, has short delay, and adds low communication overhead. Finally, we implement the proposed authentication scheme as an open source library called svcAuth, which can be used as a transparent add-on by any multimedia streaming application. IndexTerms-Multimedia authentication, multimedia streaming, scalable video streams.

Scalable Content Authentication in H.264/SVC Videos Using Perceptual Hashing based on Dempster-Shafer theory

“…It can be seen in th e simulations that the m alicious modification and coding noises can be discriminated using this scalable P-hashing. Comparing with previous works in scalable video authentication [10,11], the proposed scheme is m ore efficient in th e computation cost and robustness and communication overload. In the experiments we used the ratio of different energy as the features to construct P-Hashing.…”

“…And it is questionable whether or not watermarking only IPMs can protect the whole content of SVC video streams. In [ 10,11], Mokhtarian et al proposed a n authentication scheme that accounts for the full scalability of video streams, and enables verification of all possible sub-streams that can be extracted from the original stream, in which the adaptation for spatial, quality and temporal dimension are all co nsidered. In the scheme, the hashing generated from MGS (mediumgrained scalable) packets to layers, then to CGS (coarsegrained scalable) and spatial layers, video frames to GOP according to temporal relation c onstructed a complex hash trees to au thentication video data in an y layers and this hash trees can also resist packets lossy as well as ada pt to different layers discarding case.…”

Load-Aware Radio Access Selection in Future Generation Satellite-Terrestrial Wireless Networks

“…Theoretical route overhead is presented in the [8] by counting the number of control messages generated in the network entities such as BS or AP for route maintenance. In [9] the communication overhead of the presented mechanism was calculated and to minimize this communication overhead an algorithm was presented. The presented algorithm was proved effective with the help of simulation results.…”

General Multimedia Trust Authentication Framework for 5G Networks

“…The other category is based on the multimedia coding structure. For example, Kianoosh Mokhtarian et al [19] proposed the authentication for Scalable Video Coding (SVC) streams, whose hash appendence follows the coding structure of SVC.…”