“…In a study of six pre-service elementary mathematics teachers, researchers found that these students' beliefs about technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) improved as a result their participation in field experiences; in fact, field experiences, more so than methods courses, had the most effect on their beliefs about this (Kartal & Cinar, 2018). A small study of four pre-service mathematics teachers similarly found, as a result of their placement in a real-world classroom, that these students perceived greater confidence for progressive teaching, for improved self-assessment of their teaching, and for the identification of supplemental teaching resources (Stickles, 2015).…”