Autentikasi Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Pegagan) dan Adulterannya Berdasarkan Karakter Makroskopis, Mikroskopis, dan Profil Kimia

Abstract

Pegagan or Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. empirically used as medicinal plant and scientifically can be used as antihypertension based on the results of the Jamu Saintification. Raw materials from C. asiatica have the potential to occur adulteration or incorrect use of plants species. There are two species of plants that have the potential to become adulterants of C. asiatica, namely Hydrocotyle verticillata and Merremia emarginata. Thus, the purpose of this study is to authenticate from Pegagan by comparing the macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical profiles of C. asiatica, H. verticillata, and M. emarginata. The method of data collection is done by purposive sampling using form intruments to record macroscopic and microscopic characters, while the chemical profiles are tested using thin layer chromatography methods to determine the content of asiaticosides in both potential adulterants species. The research was conducted at three sampling points: Central Java (Tawangmangu), West Java (Bogor), and East Java (Malang), while for laboratory research activities carried out at B2P2TOOT, Tawangmangu. The results showed macroscopically unique and easy distinguishing characters between C. asiatica and potential adulterant species H. verticillata is a leaf shape, whereas C. asiatica with M. emarginata are leaf-type appearance characters. The character of the simplicia leaf shape between C. asiatica and H. verticillata can be a distinct differentiator characters. Anatomical characters and powder fragments that can be used as a differentiator characters between C. asiatica and H. verticillata are the presence of pith on the stalk and stolon, the type of stomata, and the presence of trichomes. Authentication of simplicia powder of H. verticillata as an adulterant potential of C. asiatica with TLC, can be easily known by the absence of asiaticosides in these simplicia so that H. verticillata cannot be a substitute species for C. asiatica

TLC-Densitometry Analysis Method of Asiaticoside Assay and Antioxidant Activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Extract

“…The results of the phytochemical screening in Table 1 show that the positive Centella asiatica extract contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and steroids. According to [11], asiaticoside is a compound that belongs to the triterpenoid group. 11 Table 1.…”

“…According to [11], asiaticoside is a compound that belongs to the triterpenoid group. 11 Table 1. Results of Phytochemical Screening of Crude Extract, Dried Extract and Extract Products Centella asiatica The result in Table 1 shows that the extract product contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids.…”

“…Some of the activities that have been proven to be possessed by this plant are wound healing of skin scar, anti-tumour, anti-depression, inhibiting the formation of anti-fibrosis, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and lung protection. [9][10][11][12] In addition, Centella asiatica has also been shown to have activity as an antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. [12][13][14] Several studies show that the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves has an IC50 value of 481.64 mg/mL.…”

Intraspecific Variability and Phenetic Relationships of <i>Centella Asiatica</i> (L.) Urb. Accessions from Central Java Based on Morphological Characters’

“…Given that C. asiatica has wide distribution and ability to grow in a variety of habitats, there is a potential risk of erroneous sampling of this species used as material for medicinal products. The reason behind this risk is mainly because C. asiatica is morphologically similar to other species in the same genus or even those from different genera within the family of Apiaceae as mentioned by Maruzy et al (2020). Two species from two different genera that have morphological similarities with C. asiatica are Hydrocotyle verticillata and Merremia emarginata, as mentioned by Daminar & Bajo (2013) and Subramanian & Subramanian (2013).…”

“…Previous studies on morphological variations of C. asiatica were carried out on samples grown in experimental gardens with various treatments, and observations were made on the effects of those treatments on growth and morphology as reported by Bermawie & Purwiyanti (2008) and Mumtazah et al (2020). Research on morphology, anatomy, phytochemistry, and molecular analysis for the characterization of C. asiatica from natural populations has been reported by Subositi et al (2016) and Maruzy et al (2020). These two studies aimed to develop an authentication method for C. asiatica as raw material for medicinal products, and were not focused on assessing phenotypic variation.…”