Auswirkungen langfristiger Expositionen gegenüber Straßenverkehrsimissionen auf die Entwicklung von Haut- und Atemwegserkrankungen bei Kindern

Abstract

Effects of long-term exposure to road traffic imissions on the pathogenesis of diseases of the skin and respiratory tract in children Abstract |

A Review of Epidemiological Evidence on Short-Term Effects of Environmental Factors on Respiratory Problems in Children

“…Increases of cortisol in the first half of the night seem to play an important role. Multiple regression analyses resulted in relative risks of asthma, chronic bronchitis and neurodermitis, which increased significantly with increasing traffic load [17]. A comparison with the literature on such effects caused by air pollution alone showed that traffic noise during the night might have an adjuvant effect on the pathogenesis of the mentioned diseases.…”

“…In children, noise interferes in complex task performance, modifies social behavior and causes annoyances; chronic aircraft noise exposure impairs reading comprehension and long-term memory and may be associated with raised blood pressure [85]. Recently, researchers have found a correlation of respiratory diseases to traffic related air pollution and noise [16,17,18], in these studies children under high noise exposure (54-70 dB (A)) had in comparison to all other children significantly increased morning saliva cortisol concentrations, indicating an activation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and this leads in the long term to an aggravation of bronchitis. The pathogenesis of allergies can be stimulated by adjuvant effects, air pollutants such as NO 2 and particles from diesel exhaust as previously commented and noise, as well, specially during night time.…”

“…In some studies, grass pollen has been associated with child asthma admissions and they showed that aeroallergens might be statically associated more strongly with asthma hospital admissions than air pollutants [15]. Moreover, recently, research [16][17][18] has been pointed out to high exposure to traffic noise (specially at night time) as a new risk factor over children´s respiratory health, through activating the HPA (hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal) axis and leading in the long term to an aggravation of bronchitis in children.…”

Does traffic noise influence respiratory mortality?

“…This suggests that the associations indicating the short-term effects of exposure to high noise levels are not spurious and are related to increased blood cortisol levels. This hormone is released during stress reactions, and a relationship between elevated cortisol levels and increased risks of asthma, chronic bronchitis and neurodermitis, which in turn increase with increasing traffic volume [9], has been shown. @ERSpublications First description of the novel association between traffic noise and respiratory mortality, independent of air pollution http://ow.ly/rFAjz…”

Partikelbelastung und allergische Erkrankungen bei Kindern

“…Ein solcher Zusammenhang bestätigte sich in der nachfolgenden Studie allerdings nicht mehr[]. Eine Studie in Arztpraxen aus dem Harz fand einen positiven Zusammenhang mit Neurodermitis[8]. Eine Atopie wurde in 4 Studien auf ihren Zusammenhang mit der Verkehrsbelastung überprüft.…”