Austrian hard ticks as vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi, overview

Radda, A.; Burger, Ingrid; Stanek, Gerold; Wewalka, G.

doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80106-7

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…We must stress the fact that, in all the other countries where B. burgdorferi infestation of I. ricinus has been studied, sites containing exclusively ticks free of the bacterium are unknown, provided the numbers of ticks examined are great enough (Switzerland [25], Austria [35], Belgium [5], Czechoslovakia [8]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in Ixodes ricinus (L.) populations in France, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory

et al. 1996

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Ixodes ricinus is considered as the main vector of Lyme Borreliosis in France. The aim of our investigations was to obtain a comprehensive view of the spatial risk linked to the distribution of the species in our country. Previous studies [1] have provided strong evidence that the species populations are widely distributed, so the objective of the present work was to ascertain the bacteriological infection of the tick by the agent of the zoonosis (Borrelia burgdorferi, sensu lato), over the French territory, whatever the ecological conditions may be. For this purpose, we kept the same framework as that used in our acarological investigation, a phytoecological zoning of the territory into 54 geographically separate and ecologically distinct units distributed into three climatic zones. Batches of ticks, picked up in these different phytoecological units (only two thirds of which were sampled), were submitted for bacteriological investigation. A total of 4,673 ticks were examined, individually, for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi, by immunofluorescence. Percentages of infection according to the various stages of Ixodes ricinus free stages, collected by flagging, were as follows: 4.95% in 3,247 nymphs, 11.2% in 699 males, 12.5% in 727 females. Larvae were ignored. Practically all the tested units harboured the bacterium. The percentage of tick samples (25 ticks or more) absolutely free of Borrelia, wherever they came from, is very low (not exceeding 10 percent of the sampled forests). Our study confirms the assessment of a widespread distribution of the zoonosis in France which was, until now, exclusively based on an approximate distribution of limited human cases observed in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in Ixodes ricinus (L.) populations in France, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory

et al. 1996

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“…This tick is a parasite of small mammals (Cerny 1972, Radda et al 1986, Martyn 1988, particularly Arvicola terrestris, Ondathra zibetica, and Myocastor coypus (Arthur 1963, Kolonin 1981. It has been recorded from Denmark (Arthur 1955).…”

Section: Ixodes (Ixodes) Apronophorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Jaenson¹,

Tälleklint²,

Lundqvist³

et al. 1994

Journal of Medical Entomology

179

199

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This review covers the geographic distribution and host relationships of the tick species in Sweden. Ixodes uriae White, I. caledonicus Nuttall, I. unicavatus Neumann, I. arboricola Schulze & Schlottke, and I. lividus Koch are ornithophagous species. I. trianguliceps Birula, I. canisuga Johnston, I. hexagonus Leach, and Argas vespertilionis (Latreille) are mammalophagous. I. ricinus (L.) and Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini & Fanzago feed on both birds and mammals. All these tick species may be considered to be permanently present in Sweden. I. persulcatus Schulze, Hyalomma marginatum Koch, and the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), may be regarded as not indigenous to Sweden although they may be regularly introduced by spring-migrating birds or imported dogs, respectively. The first European record of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), is reported. There are several records of Hyalomma aegyptium (L.) from imported tortoises in Sweden. Excluding other ticks imported on exotic pets and zoo animals, another 13 tick species are listed that may occur, at least occasionally, in Sweden. Because of its wide geographic distribution, great abundance, and wide host range, I. ricinus is medically the most important arthropod in northern Europe. I. ricinus is common in southern and south-central Sweden and along the coast of northern Sweden and has been recorded from 29 mammal species, 56 bird species, and two species of lizards in Sweden alone. The potential introduction to Sweden of exotic pathogens with infected ticks (e.g., I. persulcatus and H. marginatum on birds or Dermacentor spp. and R. sanguineus on mammals) is evident.

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“…Each phase includes one blood meal. The preferred hosts, which form the reservoir of B. burgdorferi, are small, wild mammals such as mice for the larval and nymph phases, and deer for adult ticks (245,353). Although Zxodes ricinus is infectious for humans during all phases of its development, the main vectors are the nymphs.…”

Section: Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis in Childhood

Christen¹,

Hanefeld²,

Eiffert³

et al. 1993

Acta Paediatrica

183

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. Lyme borreliosis is a tick‐borne infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, whose discovery in 1982 solved an aetiological mystery involving a variety of dcrmatological and neurological disorders and explained their association with Lyme disease. Lyme borreliosis occurs frequently and is readily treatable with antibiotics. Along with its discovery, however, came the realization that it is difficult to diagnose accurately, especially antibody diagnosis. False‐positive antibody results in particular led to gradual widening of the clinical spectrum, and differential diagnosis became increasingly difficult. This prospective, multicentre study presents a systematic description of Lyme borreliosis in childhood, emphasizing epidemiological and clinical issues. Because, predominantly, inpatients were examined, Lyme neuroborreliosis was the focus of the study, with the chief concern being to minimize false‐positive results. To this end, we chose to narrow the diagnostic criteria, using the presence of specific antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid as the determining factor. The epidemiological investigation was focused on the incidence of Lyme neuroborreliosis in childhood in southern Lower Saxony as well as on the prevalence of Lyme neuroborreliosis among acute‐inflammatory neurological illnesses in children. The clinical part of the study aimed at establishing criteria for differential diagnosis in addition to the detection of specific antibodies. The detection of specific IgM antibodies using an IgM capture ELISA confirmed the presence of acute Lyme borreliosis. The study examined 208 children with Lyme borreliosis, of whom 169 had Lyme neuroborreliosis, from mid‐1986 until the end of 1989. The yearly incidence of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Lower Saxony was 5.8 cases/100,000 children aged 1 to 13. The manifestation index was 0.16, or one case of Lyme neuroborreliosis per 620 infected children, compared with the presence of specific antibodies against B. burgdorferi for children in the same age group and region. Both the seasonal distribution of Lyme borreliosis, which peaked in summer and autumn, as well as the information about when the tick bites took place point to an incubation period of a few weeks. The most frequent manifestation of Lyme neuroborreliosis in childhood was acute peripheral facial palsy, found in 55% of all cases (n = 93). Lyme borreliosis proved to be the most frequently verifiable cause of acute peripheral facial palsy in children, causing every second case of this disorder in summer and autumn. Bilateral facial palsy was, without exception, found to be caused by Lyme borreliosis; thus it can be considered a specific neurological sign of this infection. The second most common manifestation of Lyme neuroborreliosis in childhood was aseptic meningitis (27.2%, n = 46). Lyme borreliosis was the third most common cause of aseptic meningitis in childhood (11.8%). Meningoradiculoneuritis with peripheral nerve involvement (Bannwarth syndrome) was diagnosed in only 3.6% of the childr...

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Austrian hard ticks as vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi, overview

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in Ixodes ricinus (L.) populations in France, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in Ixodes ricinus (L.) populations in France, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis in Childhood

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