“…Studies have found a negative correlation between teachers' confidence and their use of effective behavior management techniques (Safran, 1989;Woolfolk, Rossoff, & Hoy, 1990). For instance, less confident teachers are more likely to become angered and threatened by misbehavior (Ashton, Webb, & Doda, 1983, as cited in Dembo & Gibson, 1985); use inappropriate management techniques (Martin et al, 1999;Pettit, Bates, & Dodge, 1992); and frequently refer students to other school personnel (Martin et al, 1999).…”