Australian case of water sensitive city and its adaptation in China

Abstract

Climate change and urbanisation have been challenging our cities, particularly with higher intensity of droughts and floods. For example, the state of New South Wales, Australia experienced intense drought in the winter of 2018, with over $1 billion drought relief measures supported by the state government (NSW Government, 2018). The following spring in the same year brought the worst rain in 45 years, leading to flash flooding that caused property damage, downed trees and loss of human life (BOM, 2018). There is no doubt that with climate change our cities will experience more challenges in the way they manage their water. Consequently, conventional water management approaches such as pipes and concrete channels are not good enough, and the design of resilient and sustainable water sensitive alternatives are called for. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) offers alternative solutions to urban water management, for cities to achieve 'water sensitive'. The term WSUD is commonly used to reflect a new paradigm in the planning and design of urban environments that is

Potential natural obstacles to groundwater engineering

“…Therefore, the total volume of precipitation in the Bint Jbeil district is estimated to be 209 million cubic meters of water, of which about 100 million remains after the volume of evaporation has been determined based on the following formula Eq. ( 6) (Zhang et al 2002) [39] within the study area.…”

“…Where P t is the annual precipitation rate, R is the Runoff, E t is the evapotranspiration, and I is the percentage of water infiltration to the ground from the precipitation. (Zhang et al 2002) [39] .…”