Australia, Innovation and International Collaboration: Australia’s collaboration with countries of Asia, with particular focus on Pakistan

Abstract

Australia's path to innovation began with the very early use of tools and cultivation by aboriginal communities. With the arrival of Europeans from 1788, innovation focused on supporting agricultural production and mineral extraction. More recently, Australian innovation has extended to include high technology products such as the Cochlea Ear and the production of plastic bank notes, developed through a strong foundation in fundamental science. Looking to the future, Australia has greatly expanded its international cooperation. Bibliometric data show strong growth in collaborative chemical research papers between chemists in Australia and those in China, greatly exceeding those with Japan and India, the next strongest partners in collaboration. The most productive areas of chemistry for international collaboration are physical chemistry and chemical engineering. Concerning Pakistan, bibliometric data show a dramatic growth in collaboration between Australian and Pakistani scientists. Data analysis support the benefits of international collaboration.

Study on the Growth Driving Model of the Enterprise Innovation Community Based on the Lotka–Volterra Model: A Case Study of the Chinese Automobile Manufacturing Enterprise Community

“…In Australia, human capital, ICT, and other factors have proved to be of great signifcance in the process of innovation and creation [2]. International cooperation with partners such as China, India, and Japan is crucial to the successful implementation of innovation and creation activities in Australia [3]. In Canada, it is necessary to establish an innovation policy based on international background and knowledge sharing [4].…”