Auslegung und Gestaltung von Konstruktionselementen

Naunheimer, Harald; Bertsche, Bernd; Ryborz, Joachim; Novak, Wolfgang; Fietkau, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58883-3_10

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Averaged over the four driving cycles, the low ratio DAF performs best (95.4%), while Nikola (90.1%) outperforms the ZF. The same would hold true for the ZF AxTrax; however, the gear ratio is known [13] and consequently not optimized in this study.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Long-haul vehicles typically have one (4 × 2) or two (6 × 4) driven axles, although the majority of European vehicles are single-axle [11,12]. Current internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered vehicles have transmissions of up to 16 gears and a rear axle differential (final drive) to achieve the best possible utilization of the tractive force [12,13].…”

Section: Battery Electric Heavy-duty Trucksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower gears and planetary gears have an efficiency of 96%, while the final drive has an efficiency of 97% [14,53]. These losses account for all losses in the transmission caused by gearing, friction, and oil [13]. The model neglects further losses such as battery charging as they are not affected by the topology or the machine design.…”

Section: Lotusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric Machine Design on Efficiency of Battery Electric Trucks—A Simulative Case-Study

et al. 2021

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The advancement of electric mobility as a measure to comply with international climate targets and sustain renewable resources in the future has led to an electrification of the mobility sector in recent years. This trend has not been spared in the logistics and commercial vehicle sector. Emerging electric powertrain concepts for long-haul vehicles have since been developed and adapted to different use cases and axle concepts. In this paper, the authors show the influence of the powertrain topology and the associated design of the electric machine on the efficiency and energy consumption of commercial vehicles. For this, existing series or prototype long-haul axle topologies are analyzed regarding their efficiency and operating points within four driving cycles. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis on the influence of the total gearbox ratio tests the assumed designs. We find that single-machine topologies offer efficiency advantages over multiple-machine topologies. However, this study highlights a joint consideration of application-specific machine design and topology to realize the full technological potential.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Battery Electric Heavy-duty Trucksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric Machine Design on Efficiency of Battery Electric Trucks—A Simulative Case-Study

et al. 2021

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“…Among various factors, such as the friction material, topography of the steel disk, mechanical and thermal stress, as well as initial damage, the friction behavior is significantly influenced by the interaction of the friction interfaces with the lubricant. Generally, the performance of the clutch system mainly depends on the friction behavior, which is primarily characterized by the course of the coefficient of friction (CoF) with respect to the sliding speed [3]. Ideally, the curve shows a desired, positive gradient (∆µ/∆v s > 0), resulting in good control behavior and, thus, no tendency to shudder.…”

Section: Motivation and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Contamination, Iron Particles, and Energy Input on the NVH Behavior of Wet Clutches

Wirkner,

Baese,

Lebel

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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The driving comfort and safety of the automotive powertrain are significantly related to the performance, lifetime, and functionality of the lubricant. The presented study focuses on investigating the performance loss of the lubricant due to water contamination resulting from environmental influences and iron particles originating from the wear of different machine elements. The main purpose is to determine critical factors that contribute to the degradation of the lubricant, and increase the tendency to NVH behavior, leading to adverse comfort losses to the respective user. Therefore, this performance loss is evaluated by test rig-based analysis of the friction behavior of wet clutches. Due to physical adsorption, a significant impact of water and iron contamination on the degradation of the lubricant is found, while the influence of the energy input is secondary.

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“…Boundary conditions of this nonlinear mixed-integer optimization problem are that the shaft diameter has to be out of the feasible set of discrete values F (i.e. available standard part diameters) and within the range of stepping R. Following basic design guidelines, R limits the maximum diameter step of two adjacent sections to D=d Ä 1.4 [27]. At the same time, all safety factors S must exceed the given nominal value (e.g.…”

Section: Shaft Geometry Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation of gearbox design

Furst¹,

Gotz²,

Otto³

et al. 2022

International Conference on Gears 2022

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In order to respond to a shortened development time of today's transmission systems, the automation of certain steps in the design process is essential for ensuring an efficient development process. Computer-aided tools are widely used for analyzing given design configurations because standardized methods are available to evaluate the load carrying capacity of all key components of a simple gear train, namely bearings, shafts and gears. At an early stage of development, requirements and restrictions need to be synthesized to design concepts. During this step, engineers typically rely on their experience and proven practice. Design optimization usually is achieved through an iterative and time-consuming process of analyzing and tuning towards an optimization objective. In this paper a time-saving, automated and systematic method for the design of weight optimized helical gearboxes is proposed. The underlying method has been derived from both, norms and guidelines, which exist for the design and layout of shafts, bearings and gear wheel bodies. Starting with only few input parameters, a detailed shaft geometry with different diameter sections can be derived. A discrete set of values from standard tables and rolling bearing catalogs represents the method's framework for all realizable shaft diameters in each section. A mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem results from the interdependence between these distinct values. For this purpose, a systematic iterative approach has been developed and implemented in an established design program for gearbox systems. The algorithm uses the results drawn from an analytical calculation of the shaft load carrying capacity to directly adjust the shaft's diameter and length values. The dimensioning of the wheel body, the service life calculation of rolling element bearings and the selection of specific machine elements are embedded in a systematic sequence. As a result, the model is capable to work out a weight-optimized gearbox that consists of gear meshes, shafts and bearings, taking all three components into consideration at a time.

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Auslegung und Gestaltung von Konstruktionselementen

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric Machine Design on Efficiency of Battery Electric Trucks—A Simulative Case-Study

Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric Machine Design on Efficiency of Battery Electric Trucks—A Simulative Case-Study

Influence of Water Contamination, Iron Particles, and Energy Input on the NVH Behavior of Wet Clutches

Automation of gearbox design

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