Auslaufmodell oder Erfolgsgeschichte? Soziale Sicherung in globaler Perspektive

Grünewald, Aline; Seelkopf, Laura

doi:10.1515/zsr-2016-0008

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…By the standards of previous research, most countries in the world are consolidated welfare states, and 70 countries even have programmes in all eight branches, thus being classified as "comprehensive" social security systems by the ILO (2017). Overall, the "world has seen social protection systems develop at an impressive pace" (ILO, 2017, p. 4)-and this development continues at full speed (Grünewald & Seelkopf, 2016). Still, the results also suggest that simply measuring whether a statutory nationwide programme exists is insufficient to differentiate between welfare states and non-welfare states.…”

Section: Measuring Welfare States Through Social Security Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Welfare State as Universal Social Security: A Global Analysis

Öktem

2020

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Over the past decades, the geography of comparative welfare state research has transformed. Whereas scholars used to focus on a limited number of advanced industrialised democracies, they now increasingly study developments in Europe’s periphery, East Asia, and Latin America. So, does this mean that the welfare state has spread around the world? To answer this question, we analyse different ways to measure welfare states and map their results. With the help of International Labour Organization and International Monetary Fund data, we explore measurements based on social expenditures, social rights, and social security legislations and show that each of them faces serious limitations in a global analysis of welfare states. For some measurements, we simply lack global data. For others, we risk misclassifying the extent and quality of some social protection systems. Finally, we present a measurement that is grounded in the idea that the welfare state is essentially about universalism. Relying on a conceptualisation of the welfare state as collective responsibility for the wellbeing of the entire population, we use universal social security as a yardstick. We measure this conceptualization through health and pension coverage and show that a growing number of countries have become welfare states by this definition. Yet, it is possible that at least some of these cases offer only basic levels of protection, we caution.

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Section: Measuring Welfare States Through Social Security Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Welfare State as Universal Social Security: A Global Analysis

Öktem

2020

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The historical origins of old-age pension schemes

Grünewald

2020

J. int. comp. soc. policy

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Old-age pensions are the most widespread social security programmes around the world. While many case studies have focused on the historical origins of old-age pensions, global and comparative studies are limited mainly due to missing data. To address this shortcoming, this article introduces the novel PENLEG dataset (Pension Legislation around the World, 1880–2010), which comprises data on: (1) the timing of the first pension introductions; (2) the pension design; (3) the mode of financing; (4) eligibility criteria; (5) benefit generosity and (6) coverage rates for all independent countries. Additionally, the article describes global pension patterns and highlights case evidence. It shows that economic development strategies, political incentives to bind citizens to the state, administrative reasons as well as colonial legacies and the Soviet model of social security have strongly affected the origins of old-age pensions.

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Power consolidation with welfare designs? The emergence of old-age pensions in nondemocratic regimes around the world

Grünewald

2021

Democratization

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Old-age pensions are the most widespread social security programmes around the world that in many countries account for a huge part of the national budget. Based on the PENLEG dataset (Pension Legislation around the World, 1880-2010), this article answers the question whether the political regime type has affected the choice of a specific pension design when implementing old-age pensions for the first time. The global study shows that nondemocratic regimes were more likely to implement social insurance designs, as these pension designs are best suited to bind citizens to the state and to target benefits on groups that are essential for regime survival. In contrast, the study can only find weak evidence that electoral autocracies were less likely to implement social insurance designs than closed autocracies. Moreover, colonial legacies mattered strongly. Especially former French colonies were more likely to implement social insurance designs.

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Auslaufmodell oder Erfolgsgeschichte? Soziale Sicherung in globaler Perspektive

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

The Welfare State as Universal Social Security: A Global Analysis

The Welfare State as Universal Social Security: A Global Analysis

The historical origins of old-age pension schemes

Power consolidation with welfare designs? The emergence of old-age pensions in nondemocratic regimes around the world

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