Aurorae Observed at the Canary Islands

Vázquez, M.; Vaquero, J. M.

doi:10.1007/s11207-010-9650-0

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Schaefer (1991Schaefer ( , 1993) developed a theoretical model of sunspot visibility, including naked-eye observations. The simplest limit of visibility can be expressed as ~1.22 λ/d (λ and d are the mean wavelength of sunlight and diameter of the optical system) (Vázquez & Vaquero 2010). Assuming a value of 1.5 mm for a diurnal observation, a value of 500 nm for the wavelength of the sunlight, and observers with standard eyesight (20-20 vision), the minimum angle of a naked-eye sunspot will be 70″, and a sunspot larger than that or as large as one thousandth the area of the solar hemisphere can be regarded as naked-eye sunspots.…”

Section: Naked-eye Sunspotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Records of sunspot and aurora during CE 960–1279 in the Chinese chronicle of the Sòng dynasty

2015

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Records of sunspot and aurora observations in pre-telescopic historical documents can provide useful information about solar activity in the past. This is also true for extreme space weather events, as they may have been recorded as large sunspots observed by the naked eye or as low-latitude auroras. In this paper, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of records of sunspots and auroras in the Sòngshǐ, a Chinese formal chronicle spanning the tenth to the thirteenth century. This chronicle contains a record of continuous observations with well-formatted reports conducted as a policy of the government. A brief comparison of the frequency of observations of sunspots and auroras and the observations of radioisotopes as an indicator of the solar activity during corresponding periods is provided. This paper is the first step of our project in which we survey and compile the records of sunspots and auroras in historical documents from various locations and languages, ultimately providing it to the science community as online data.

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Section: Naked-eye Sunspotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Records of sunspot and aurora during CE 960–1279 in the Chinese chronicle of the Sòng dynasty

2015

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“…Many authors have published lists of astronomical events, including naked-eye sunspots and low-latitude auroras, retrieved from historical documents from Japan (Kanda 1933;Matsushita 1956;Nakazawa et al 2004;Shiokawa et al 2005), Korea (Lee et al 2004), Babylon (Stephenson et al 2004;Hayakawa et al 2016d), the West Asia (Basurah 2006;Hayakawa et al 2016c), Western Europe (Fritz 1873;Link 1962;Dell'Dall'Olmo 1979;Stothers 1979;Vaquero & Trigo 2005;Vaquero et al 2010), Russia (Vyssotsky 1949), North America (Broughton 2002), the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (Vázquez & Vaquero 2010), and China (Schove and Ho 1959;Keimatsu 1970Keimatsu -1976Yau & Stephenson 1988;Saito & Ozawa 1992;Yau et al 1995;Xu et al 2000;Hayakawa et al 2015;Kawamura et al 2016;Hayakawa et al 2016e, submitted). A review of the historical records of solar activity was given in the monograph by Vaquero & Vázquez (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Records of sunspot and aurora activity during 581–959 CE in Chinese official histories concerning the periods of Suí, Táng, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Kawamura

Hayakawa

Tsukamoto

et al. 2017

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

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Recent studies of radioisotopes in tree rings or ice cores suggest that extreme space weather events occurred in the pre-telescope age. Observational records of naked-eye sunspots and low-latitude auroras in historical documents in pre-telescopic age can provide useful information on past solar activity. In this paper, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of records of sunspots and auroras in Chinese official histories from the 6th century to the 10th century, in the period of Suí, Táng, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

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“…Eddy 1980). Such solar studies would heavily depend on surveys for illuminating phenomena in the night sky from historical documents from China (Schove & Ho (1967); Keimatsu 1970Keimatsu -1976Yau & Stephenson 1988;Saito & Ozawa 1992;Yau et al 1995), Japan (Kanda 1933;Matsushita 1956;Nakazawa et al 2004;Shiokawa et al 2005), Korea (Lee et al 2004), the Arab nations (Vaquero & Gallego 2001, Basurah 2006, Russia (Vyssotsky 1949), Europe (Fritz 1873;Link 1962;Dall'Olmo 1979;Stothers 1979;Vaquero & Trigo 2005;Vaquero et al 2010), North America (Broughton 2002), and the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (Vázquez & Vaquero 2010). We also have published the lists of aurora candidates included in the Chinese chronicles of Sòng (宋) dynasty (Hayakawa et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aurora candidates from the chronicle of Qíng dynasty in several degrees of relevance

Kawamura

Hayakawa

Miyahara

et al. 2016

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

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We present the result of the survey of sunspots and auroras in Qīngshǐgǎo (清史稿), the draft chronicle of Qīng dynasty, for the period of 1559-1912 CE, as a sequel of the series of works surveying historical sunspot and aurora records, and providing online data to the scientific community regarding the attained results. In total of this Qīngshǐgǎo survey, we found 111 records of night-sky luminous events with the keywords such as vapor (氣, qì), cloud (雲, yún), and light (光, guāng), which may indicate auroras as well as some other phenomena. Similarly keyword survey for 2 sunspots were done, but no sunspot record was found. In comparison with the aurora records in the western world, we found 14 of the 111 records have a corresponding record of simultaneous observation in the western world and hence are very likely to be aurora. In order to investigate the likeliness of the rest of the record being aurora, we calculated the lunar age and the phase of a solar cycle for each record. After these calculations, notable fraction of these records clustered near the full moon were found statistically doubtful in considerations with atmospheric optics, meanwhile a few records near the new moon could be more likely interpreted as auroras including three records during the Maunder minimum.

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Aurorae Observed at the Canary Islands

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Records of sunspot and aurora during CE 960–1279 in the Chinese chronicle of the Sòng dynasty

Records of sunspot and aurora during CE 960–1279 in the Chinese chronicle of the Sòng dynasty

Records of sunspot and aurora activity during 581–959 CE in Chinese official histories concerning the periods of Suí, Táng, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Aurora candidates from the chronicle of Qíng dynasty in several degrees of relevance

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