Auricular reconstruction: where are we now? A critical literature review

Humphries, S; Joshi, Anil; Webb, William R.; Kanegaonkar, Rahul

doi:10.1007/s00405-021-06903-5

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) provides optimal outcomes in patients with lesions greater than 3–4 cm 2 without involvement of subchondral bone (Bentley et al 2003 ; Brittberg et al 1994 ; Dekker et al 2021 ; Mastbergen et al 2013 ; Niemeyer et al 2016 ). Although this surgical treatment is effective for many patients, current research for ACI improvement is focused on using stem cells and 3D printing (Humphries et al 2022 ). Unfortunately this technology is currently only available for use in experimental ACI models (Liao et al 2019 ; Zopf et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitable characteristics in the selection of human allogeneic chondrocytes donors to increase the number of viable cells for cartilage repair

et al. 2023

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Autologous chondrocyte implantation has shown optimal long-term outcomes in the treatment of cartilage lesions. The challenge for a single-stage approach lies in obtaining sufficient number of cells with high viability. The answer could lie in supplementing or replacing them with allogenic chondrocytes coming from cadaveric donors. In the present work, we aimed to compare the number of viable cells isolated from cartilage of live and cadaveric donors and to determine the suitable characteristics of the best donors. A total of 65 samples from donors aged from 17 to 55 years, either women or men, were enrolled in this study (33 living vs. 32 cadaveric). The mean time of hours from death to processing samples in cadaveric donors was higher compared to live donors (64.3 ± 17.7 vs. 4.6±6.4). The number of isolated chondrocytes per gram of cartilage was higher in cadaveric donors (5.389 × 10 6 compared to 3.067 × 10 6 in living donors), whereas the average of cell viability was comparable in both groups (84.16% cadaveric, 87.8% alive). It is possible to obtain viable chondrocytes from cartilage harvested from cadaveric donors, reaching a similar cell number and viability to that obtained from the cartilage of living donors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitable characteristics in the selection of human allogeneic chondrocytes donors to increase the number of viable cells for cartilage repair

et al. 2023

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“…Reconstruction of the auricle is a necessary procedure for patients with afflictions ranging from congenital microtia to acquired auricular defects caused by burns, trauma, and oncologic resection (Storck et al., 2014). The most common methods for reconstruction of the ear utilize autologous costal cartilage grafts or MEDPOR implants to fabricate the auricular scaffold (Humphries et al., 2021). Autologous approaches require harvest of several costal cartilage segments to reconstruct the pinna in a multi‐stage procedure that requires a high level of surgical expertise and in all but the most experienced hands results in variable esthetic outcomes (Yamada, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The core components required to generate a tissue‐engineered auricle are a scaffold, cellular components, and an environment that promotes cell survival and proliferation (Humphries et al., 2021). Ideal scaffolds can be designed with computer‐aided manufacturing using a biocompatible material to make patient‐specific designs based upon their contralateral normal ear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient engineering of human auricular cartilage through mesenchymal stem cell chaperoning

Dong

Askinas

Kim

et al. 2022

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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A major challenge to the clinical translation of tissue‐engineered ear scaffolds for ear reconstruction is the limited auricular chondrocyte (hAuC) yield available from patients. Starting with a relatively small number of chondrocytes in culture results in dedifferentiation and loss of phenotype with subsequent expansion. To significantly decrease the number of chondrocytes required for human elastic cartilage engineering, we co‐cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with HAuCs to promote healthy elastic cartilage formation. HAuCs along with human bone marrow‐derived hMSCs were encapsulated into 1% Type I collagen at 25 million/mL total cell density with different ratios (HAuCs/hMSCs: 10/90, 25/75, 50/50) and then injected into customized 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) ridged external scaffolds, which simulate the shape of the auricular helical rim, and implanted subcutaneously in nude rats for 1, 3 and 6 months. The explanted constructs demonstrated near complete volume preservation and topography maintenance of the ridged “helical” feature after 6 months with all ratios. Cartilaginous appearing tissue formed within scaffolds by 3 months, verified by histologic analysis demonstrating mature elastic cartilage within the constructs with chondrocytes seen in lacunae within a Type II collagen and proteoglycan‐enriched matrix, and surrounded by a neoperichondrial external layer. Compressive mechanical properties comparable to human elastic cartilage were achieved after 6 months. Co‐implantation of hAuCs and hMSCs in collagen within an external scaffold efficiently produced shaped human elastic cartilage without volume loss even when hAuC comprised only 10% of the implanted cell population, marking a crucial step toward the clinical translation of auricular tissue engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auricular reconstruction for microtia generally relies on either the gold standard of the autologous rib cartilage technique or auricular prostheses implantation in the clinic. − Innate limitations, including donor-site morbidity and extrusion or rejection for long-term implantation, have stimulated us to develop alternative strategies for cartilage regeneration. Cartilage tissue engineering provides a promising pathway to overcome the aforementioned limitations. − In the case of cartilage regeneration, various biomaterials, including collagen, gelatin, silk, hyaluronic acid, poly- l -lactic acid (PLLA), polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic acid- co -glycolic acid), and polycaprolactone, have been employed to construct tissue-engineering scaffolds, which provide similar microenvironments to mimic the intrinsic extracellular matrix (ECM). ,, In addition, mechanical features and porous or channeled structures have significant influence on cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. − Generally, physical composite techniques or 3D printing is used to prepare polymeric scaffolds with desired physicochemical features to achieve cell seeding and subsequent tissue regeneration. ,, Previously, in our group, we prepared silk fiber-based composite scaffolds by integrating natural macromolecules [gelatin, silk fibroin, and Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk fiber] with PLLA porous microspheres (PMs) stimulated by a “steel bar reinforced concrete” structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Mulberry Silk Fiber-Based Composite Scaffolds Containing Millichannels for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

2022

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Tissue engineering has made significant progress as a cartilage repair alternative. It is crucial to promote cell proliferation and migration within three-dimensional (3D) bulk scaffolds for tissue regeneration through either chemical gradients or physical channels. In this study, by developing optimized silk fiber-based composite scaffolds, millimeter-scaled channels were created in the corresponding scaffolds via facile physical percussive drilling and subsequently utilized for auricular cartilage regeneration. We found that by the introduction of poly- l -lactic acid porous microspheres (PLLA PMs), the channels incorporated into the Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk fiber-based scaffolds were reinforced, and the mechanical features were well maintained. Moreover, Ap silk fiber-based scaffolds reinforced by PLLA PMs containing channels (CMAF) exhibited excellent chondrocyte proliferation, migration, and synthesis of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro . The biological evaluation in vivo revealed that CMAF had a higher chondrogenic capability for an even deposition of the specific ECM component. This study suggested that multihierarchical CMAF may have potential application for auricular cartilage regeneration.

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Auricular reconstruction: where are we now? A critical literature review

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Suitable characteristics in the selection of human allogeneic chondrocytes donors to increase the number of viable cells for cartilage repair

Suitable characteristics in the selection of human allogeneic chondrocytes donors to increase the number of viable cells for cartilage repair

Efficient engineering of human auricular cartilage through mesenchymal stem cell chaperoning

Non-Mulberry Silk Fiber-Based Composite Scaffolds Containing Millichannels for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

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