Aurally and Visually Guided Visual Search in a Virtual Environment

Flanagan, Patrick; McAnally, Ken I.; Martin, Russell L.; Meehan, James W.; Oldfield, S.

doi:10.1518/001872098779591331

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, although much research has been devoted to the study of spatial presence and presence using psychometrical [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] or psychophysiological methods, [9][10][11][12] only a few studies have focused on the neurophysiological and neuroanatomical underpinnings of spatial presence. Most studies in the neuroimaging domain have used VR stimuli to study cortical activations associated with spatial navigation and spatial processing.…”

Section: Introduction Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlate of Spatial Presence in an Arousing and Noninteractive Virtual Reality: An EEG and Psychophysiology Study

Baumgärtner

Valko²,

Esslen³

et al. 2006

CyberPsychology & Behavior

172

117

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Using electroencephalography (EEG), psychophysiology, and psychometric measures, this is the first study which investigated the neurophysiological underpinnings of spatial presence. Spatial presence is considered a sense of being physically situated within a spatial environment portrayed by a medium (e.g., television, virtual reality). Twelve healthy children and 11 healthy adolescents were watching different virtual roller coaster scenarios. During a control session, the roller coaster cab drove through a horizontal roundabout track. The following realistic roller coaster rides consisted of spectacular ups, downs, and loops. Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) were used to analyze the EEG data. As expected, we found that, compared to the control condition, experiencing a virtual roller coaster ride evoked in both groups strong SP experiences, increased electrodermal reactions, and activations in parietal brain areas known to be involved in spatial navigation. In addition, brain areas that receive homeostatic afferents from somatic and visceral sensations of the body were strongly activated. Most interesting, children (as compared to adolescents) reported higher spatial presence experiences and demonstrated a different frontal activation pattern. While adolescents showed increased activation in prefrontal areas known to be involved in the control of executive functions, children demonstrated a decreased activity in these brain regions. Interestingly, recent neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have shown that the frontal brain continues to develop to adult status well into adolescence. Thus, the result of our study implies that the increased spatial presence experience in children may result from the not fully developed control functions of the frontal cortex.

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Section: Introduction Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlate of Spatial Presence in an Arousing and Noninteractive Virtual Reality: An EEG and Psychophysiology Study

Baumgärtner

Valko²,

Esslen³

et al. 2006

CyberPsychology & Behavior

172

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many researchers have investigated the utility of three-dimensional (3D) auditory displays for reducing the workload associated with an overloaded visual channel and for enhancing the detection and identification of visual targets (Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan, & Oldfield, 1998;Nelson et al, 1998;Perrott, Cisneros, McKinley, & D'Angelo, 1996). Advances in digital signal-processing technology and the development of electromagnetic position trackers have enabled the construction of small, relatively inexpensive spatial audio displays that can be used to aid in visual target acquisition in aircraft cockpits, ground combat vehicles, and training simulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aurally Aided Visual Search in Three-Dimensional Space

1999

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We conducted an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial audio displays on target acquisition performance. Participants performed a visual search task with and without the aid of a spatial audio display. Potential target locations ranged between plus and minus 180° in azimuth and from -70° to +90° in elevation. Independent variables included the number of visual distractors present (1,5, 10, 25, 50) and the spatial audio condition (no spatial audio, free-field spatial audio, virtual spatial audio). Results indicated that both free-field and virtual audio cues engendered a significant decrease in search times. Potential applications of this research include the design of spatial audio displays for aircraft cockpits and ground combat vehicles.

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“…There has been extensive research into the effects of stage 1 automation (attention guidance) in target detection tasks. Basic research has reliably demonstrated the capacity for visual cues to reduce search times in target search tasks (see, e.g., Egeth & Yantis, 1997;Flanagan et al, 1998). Applied research has also demonstrated these benefits in military situations , Yeh & Wickens, 2001, helicopter hazard detection (Davison & Wickens, 2001), and a number of other domains (Mosier et al, 1998).…”

Section: Automated Systems and Their Impact On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting Battlefield Situation Assessment Through Attention Guidance and Diagnostic Aiding: A Cost-Benefit and Depth of Processing Analysis

Horrey¹,

Wickens²

2001

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThe original document contains color images. ABSTRACTAutomated support systems may be useful tools for aiding situation assessment in complex environments such as the military battlefield, medical diagnosis, and crisis management. These environments are marked by large amounts of information which often must be weighted and integrated into a meaningful judgment or assessment. Two experiments examined the effects of attention cueing and decision aiding on information integration tasks in static battlefield situations. In the first experiment, sixteen participants completed a resource allocation task for 56 battlefield scenarios (based on perceived threats). For half the trials, an automated system guided their attention to high-relevance information. On 2 trials a memory probe was administered to assess the depth of processing of information, and on the final trial an automation failure was presented. Results demonstrated an overall allocation performance advantage for automation but poorer recall for automation-enhanced units. Half of the participants failed to attend to the system failure. Those participants who detected the failure were inferred to have processed all of the cues more deeply based on their performance on the memory trials. In the second part, 12 participants completed the same task using an automated diagnostic aid (instead of the attention cueing). Again, performance was improved when using automation, more so than in experiment 1. However, there were costs associated with the processing of highly relevant information in these conditions. The costs and benefits of automated cueing and diagnostic aiding are discussed. ABSTRACTAutomated support systems may be useful tools for aiding situation assessment in complex environments such as the military battlefield, medical diagnosis, and crisis management. These environments are marked by large amounts of information which often must be weighted and integrated into a meaningful judgment or assessment. Two experiments e...

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Aurally and Visually Guided Visual Search in a Virtual Environment

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Neural Correlate of Spatial Presence in an Arousing and Noninteractive Virtual Reality: An EEG and Psychophysiology Study

Neural Correlate of Spatial Presence in an Arousing and Noninteractive Virtual Reality: An EEG and Psychophysiology Study

Aurally Aided Visual Search in Three-Dimensional Space

Supporting Battlefield Situation Assessment Through Attention Guidance and Diagnostic Aiding: A Cost-Benefit and Depth of Processing Analysis

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