Augmenting Media with Thermal Stimulation

Davidson

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

2015

Self Cite

Research has shown that thermal feedback can be an engaging and convincing means of conveying experimenterpredefined meanings, e.g., material properties or message types. However, thermal perception is subjective and its meaning in interaction can be ambiguous. Interface designers may not be sure how users could naïvely interpret thermal feedback during interaction. Little is also known about how users would choose thermal cues to convey their own meanings. The research in this paper tested subjective interpretations of thermal stimuli in three different scenarios: social media activity, a colleague's presence and the extent of use of digital content. Participants were also asked to assign their own thermal stimuli to personal experiences, to help us understand what kinds of stimuli people associate with different meanings. The results showed strong agreement among participants concerning what warmth (presence, activity, quality) and cool mean (absence, poor quality). Guidelines for the design of thermal feedback are presented to help others create effective thermal interfaces.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Salminen et al [17] and Halvey et al [3] measured participants' emotional responses to thermal stimuli. Salminen et al looked at the stimuli in isolation, while Halvey et al studied the effect of combining stimuli with audio and visual media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the Heat of the Moment

Davidson

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

2015

Self Cite

“…Qualitative research has observed that participants consistently attribute opposite meaning to warm and cold: positive experiences and emotions are attributed to warm stimuli and unpleasant ones are attributed to cool [24,39,40,48]. Thermal feedback can also influence the emotional response to images, increasing the subjective enjoyment [25] or increasing (through warmth)/decreasing (through cold) the valence of images [2,16]. Research has also taken V-A ratings of thermal stimuli, to precisely measure emotional content/responses.…”

Section: Thermal Affective Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some research has studied the modulation of an emotional response to one modality, through the simultaneous presentation of another [2,3,16,32]. However, these studies only ask participants to focus on and rate the one modality, with those ratings potentially altered by the second.…”

Section: Limitations and Research Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-moji

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

2017

Self Cite

This paper explores the combination of multiple concurrent modalities for conveying emotional information in HCI: temperature, vibration and abstract visual displays. Each modality has been studied individually, but can only convey a limited range of emotions within two-dimensional valencearousal space. This paper is the first to systematically combine multiple modalities to expand the available affective range. Three studies were conducted: Study 1 measured the emotionality of vibrotactile feedback by itself; Study 2 measured the perceived emotional content of three bimodal combinations: vibrotactile + thermal, vibrotactile + visual and visual + thermal. Study 3 then combined all three modalities. Results show that combining modalities increases the available range of emotional states, particularly in the problematic top-right and bottom-left quadrants of the dimensional model. We also provide a novel lookup resource for designers to identify stimuli to convey a range of emotions.

“…Iwasaki et al [8] suggested conveying emotional state using warmth on a mobile device, but did not test feedback perception. Emotional responses to thermal stimuli have also been measured by Salminen et al [12] and Halvey et al [4], but only subjective perception of stimuli was measured, not identification. Only Wettach et al [17] had users in a mobile setting, and the paper provides no details on how well the stimuli could be differentiated.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Feedback Identification in a Mobile Environment

Haptic and Audio Interaction Design

Halvey

et al. 2013

Self Cite

Audio and vibrotactile feedback are not always suitable or desirable, as noise and/or movement may mask them, and so thermal feedback may provide a salient alternative. In this paper, the identification of 'thermal icons' (structured thermal feedback) was tested as a means of conveying information when users were sitting and walking in an outdoor location. Overall identification rate for thermal icons was 64.6%, but identification of individual parameters was promising, at 94% accuracy for direction of thermal change (warming/cooling) and 73.1% accuracy for subjective intensity (moderate/strong). Results showed that walking outdoors did not significantly worsen icon identification compared to sitting outdoors, but the environmental temperature had a strong influence. Recommendations are given on how better to design and adapt thermal feedback for use in outdoor mobile scenarios.