Augmenting coral adaptation to climate change via coral gardening (the nursery phase)

Rinkevich, Baruch

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112727

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…From a conservation and management perspective, the existence of climate refugia within a species' current distribution offers opportunities for active intervention approaches that can alleviate global climate risks (but see Chen et al, 2022; Rinkevich, 2021 for a list of caveats). Nevertheless, our findings only detected few climate refugia within the current species ranges of reef corals today and in the near future (Figures 2c,d and 3; Figure S4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and global climate risks for reef corals: Incorporating species‐specific vulnerability and exposure to climate hazards

Kim

Sommer

Beger

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Climate change is driving rapid and widespread erosion of the environmental conditions that formerly supported species persistence. Existing projections of climate change typically focus on forecasts of acute environmental anomalies and global extinction risks. The current projections also frequently consider all species within a broad taxonomic group together without differentiating species-specific patterns.Consequently, we still know little about the explicit dimensions of climate risk (i.e., species-specific vulnerability, exposure and hazard) that are vital for predicting future biodiversity responses (e.g., adaptation, migration) and developing management and conservation strategies. Here, we use reef corals as model organisms (n = 741 species) to project the extent of regional and global climate risks of marine organisms into the future. We characterise species-specific vulnerability based on the global geographic range and historical environmental conditions of each coral species within their ranges, and quantify the projected exposure to climate hazard beyond the historical conditions as climate risk. We show that many coral species will experience a complete loss of pre-modern climate analogs at the regional scale and across their entire distributional ranges, and such exposure to hazardous conditions are predicted to pose substantial regional and global climate risks to reef corals. Although highlatitude regions may provide climate refugia for some tropical corals until the mid-21st century, they will not become a universal haven for all corals. Notably, high-latitude specialists and species with small geographic ranges remain particularly vulnerable as they tend to possess limited capacities to avoid climate risks (e.g., via adaptive and migratory responses). Predicted climate risks are amplified substantially under the SSP5-8.5 compared with the SSP1-2.6 scenario, highlighting the need for stringent emission controls. Our projections of both regional and global climate risks offer unique opportunities to facilitate climate action at spatial scales relevant to conservation and management. K E Y W O R D S climate change, climate change vulnerability, climate risk assessment, coral, novel climate | 4141 KIM et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and global climate risks for reef corals: Incorporating species‐specific vulnerability and exposure to climate hazards

Kim

Sommer

Beger

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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“…(5) Non-standard modelsoverview Many hitherto underused species (poriferans, cnidarians, planarians, and colonial ascidians) have exceptional characteristics such as enormous regenerative ability, and the possession of populations of pluripotent ASCs, capable of differentiation into both soma and germ lineages (Rinkevich et al, 2022;Rosner et al, 2021;Ballarin et al, 2022). These features can be exploited in the field of (eco)toxicology in many ways: (i) production of many ramets from a specific genet, all with identical genetic information and epigenomes, (A-F) Various time points during regeneration of a Botryllus schlosseri colony after removal of all buds from the colony (budectomy).…”

Section: °°°(mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome this difficulty, stocks of coral colonies (with varying numbers of coral genotypes for each species) can be developed and maintained in underwater coral nurseries (Fig. 5F; Levy et al ., 2010; Rinkevich, 2015, 2021; de la Cruz et al ., 2015), an approach with new market opportunities (Rinkevich, 2015). Numerous healthy ramets can be produced from each coral genet, opening new avenues for ecotoxicological research.…”

Section: Non‐standard Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to current estimates, of the 6.7 million invertebrate species, 16% (1.1 million) live in marine and 2% (150,000) in freshwater environments, where they have colonised a large spectrum of ecological niches (Collier, Probert & Jeffries, 2016). This colonising ability is closely linked to their vast diversity, accompanied by unique biological characteristics, including possession of large numbers of pluripotent adult stem cells (ASCs; Rinkevich et al, 2022) and the ability to regenerate lost body parts, even up to whole-body regeneration in some cases (Rinkevich et al, 2007b). Molluscs and crustaceans are the richest taxa in terms of species numbers in the marine environment (Appeltans et al, 2012), while insects are the richest invertebrate taxon in freshwater habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A broad‐taxa approach as an important concept in ecotoxicological studies and pollution monitoring

Rosner,

Ballarin,

Barnay‐Verdier

et al. 2023

Biological Reviews

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Aquatic invertebrates play a pivotal role in (eco)toxicological assessments because they offer ethical, cost‐effective and repeatable testing options. Additionally, their significance in the food chain and their ability to represent diverse aquatic ecosystems make them valuable subjects for (eco)toxicological studies. To ensure consistency and comparability across studies, international (eco)toxicology guidelines have been used to establish standardised methods and protocols for data collection, analysis and interpretation. However, the current standardised protocols primarily focus on a limited number of aquatic invertebrate species, mainly from Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida. These protocols are suitable for basic toxicity screening, effectively assessing the immediate and severe effects of toxic substances on organisms. For more comprehensive and ecologically relevant assessments, particularly those addressing long‐term effects and ecosystem‐wide impacts, we recommended the use of a broader diversity of species, since the present choice of taxa exacerbates the limited scope of basic ecotoxicological studies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of (eco)toxicological studies, focusing on major aquatic invertebrate taxa and how they are used to assess the impact of chemicals in diverse aquatic environments. The present work supports the use of a broad‐taxa approach in basic environmental assessments, as it better represents the natural populations inhabiting various ecosystems. Advances in omics and other biochemical and computational techniques make the broad‐taxa approach more feasible, enabling mechanistic studies on non‐model organisms. By combining these approaches with in vitro techniques together with the broad‐taxa approach, researchers can gain insights into less‐explored impacts of pollution, such as changes in population diversity, the development of tolerance and transgenerational inheritance of pollution responses, the impact on organism phenotypic plasticity, biological invasion outcomes, social behaviour changes, metabolome changes, regeneration phenomena, disease susceptibility and tissue pathologies. This review also emphasises the need for harmonised data‐reporting standards and minimum annotation checklists to ensure that research results are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR), maximising the use and reusability of data. The ultimate goal is to encourage integrated and holistic problem‐focused collaboration between diverse scientific disciplines, international standardisation organisations and decision‐making bodies, with a focus on transdisciplinary knowledge co‐production for the One‐Health approach.

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“…While sexually produced coral larvae and juveniles have been explored as reef restoration resources (Randall et al., 2020) and some small‐scale successes have been achieved (e.g., dela Cruz & Harrison, 2017), most reef restoration programs to date rely on adult coral fragments (aka “coral gardening”) (Lirman & Schopmeyer, 2016; Rinkevich, 2021; Schmidt‐Roach et al., 2020). Therefore, methods that can enhance adult thermotolerance and evidence that this enhancement is not limited to one species ( A. tenuis ) have major implications to reef restoration programs worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat‐evolved algal symbionts enhance bleaching tolerance of adult corals without trade‐off against growth

Chan,

Meyers,

Rudd

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Ocean warming has caused coral mass bleaching and mortality worldwide and the persistence of symbiotic reef‐building corals requires rapid acclimation or adaptation. Experimental evolution of the coral's microalgal symbionts followed by their introduction into coral is one potential method to enhance coral thermotolerance. Heat‐evolved microalgal symbionts of the generalist species, Cladocopium proliferum (strain SS8), were exposed to elevated temperature (31°C) for ~10 years, and were introduced into four genotypes of chemically bleached adult fragments of the scleractinian coral, Galaxea fascicularis. Two of the four coral genotypes acquired SS8. The new symbionts persisted for the 5 months of the experiment and enhanced adult coral thermotolerance, compared with corals that were inoculated with the wild‐type C. proliferum strain. Thermotolerance of SS8‐corals was similar to that of coral fragments from the same colony hosting the homologous symbiont, Durusdinium sp., which is naturally heat tolerant. However, SS8‐coral fragments exhibited faster growth and recovered cell density and photochemical efficiency more quickly following chemical bleaching and inoculation under ambient temperature relative to Durusdinium‐corals. Mass spectrometry imaging suggests that algal pigments involved in photobiology and oxidative stress were the greatest contributors to the thermotolerance differences between coral hosting heat‐evolved versus wild‐type C. proliferum. These pigments may have increased photoprotection in the heat‐evolved symbionts. This is the first laboratory study to show that thermotolerance of adult corals (G. fascicularis) can be enhanced via the uptake of exogenously supplied, heat‐evolved symbionts, without a trade‐off against growth under ambient temperature. Importantly, heat‐evolved C. proliferum remained in the corals in moderate abundance 2 years after first inoculation, suggesting long‐term stability of this novel symbiosis and potential long‐term benefits to coral thermotolerance.

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Augmenting coral adaptation to climate change via coral gardening (the nursery phase)

Cited by 17 publications

References 86 publications

Regional and global climate risks for reef corals: Incorporating species‐specific vulnerability and exposure to climate hazards

Regional and global climate risks for reef corals: Incorporating species‐specific vulnerability and exposure to climate hazards

A broad‐taxa approach as an important concept in ecotoxicological studies and pollution monitoring

Heat‐evolved algal symbionts enhance bleaching tolerance of adult corals without trade‐off against growth

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