Augmented reality for botulinum toxin injection

Kim, Hyojoon; Jeong, Sang Hui; Seo, Ji Hyeon; Park, Inseok; Ko, Hoon; Moon, Seong-Yong

doi:10.1002/cpe.5526

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…With an average accuracy of 4.6 mm, the AR app used in this study does not meet the 3.0 mm error margin proposed as the limit suitable for clinical practice. 9 However, this preliminary study is the first to suggest that readily available software, designed for recreational social media purposes, can be harnessed to improve the accuracy of facial botulinum toxin injection when compared to the use of a standard anatomy diagram. The study's findings are limited by its small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…30 In a recent study, a dedicated AR guide for botulinum toxin injection was developed by combining facial recognition software with a standard oral maxillofacial model based on CT or MRI images of patients. 9 With this guide, a mean accuracy of 0.40±0.25 mm was demonstrated with a range of 0-3 mm, a standard the authors deemed sufficient for use in clinical practice. 9 AR filters must clearly achieve a higher standard of accuracy for use in clinical practice than for recreational use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…9 With this guide, a mean accuracy of 0.40±0.25 mm was demonstrated with a range of 0-3 mm, a standard the authors deemed sufficient for use in clinical practice. 9 AR filters must clearly achieve a higher standard of accuracy for use in clinical practice than for recreational use. With an average accuracy of 4.6 mm, the AR app used in this study does not meet the 3.0 mm error margin proposed as the limit suitable for clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Accuracy was up to 3 mm for all facial regions, suggesting that use of AR technology is becoming more relevant and feasible in this domain. 9 In this study, an AR smartphone app designed for the development of social media face filters was used to create a filter that overlayed facial muscles onto the face of a subject detected by a smartphone camera. Accuracy in identifying facial injection sites using this AR smartphone app was compared to that using a standard medical anatomy diagram in participants naïve to administering facial injections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Augmented Reality Can Improve Accuracy in Identifying Botulinum Toxin Injection Sites

2022

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Facial botulinum toxin injection is a skill developed with experience. Inaccurate injections of the toxin can cause local complications as well as patient distress. Trainees typically learn to perform facial injections following detailed study of medical anatomy diagrams. However, anatomy diagram depictions of a ‘standard’ face may not be generalisable to the varied facial anatomy of real patients. Augmented reality (AR) technology may provide a more individualised approach. In this study, an AR smartphone app, designed for the development of recreational social media filters, was repurposed to create a face filter that overlaid facial muscles and corresponding botulinum toxin injection sites onto the face of any subject detected by the supporting device’s camera. The primary outcome was to determine if accuracy in injection site identification was superior using the AR app versus a standard facial anatomy diagram. Ten participants who were naïve to administering facial injections used both the AR app and anatomy diagram to mark 10 injection sites on the face of a test subject using a makeup pen. The distance between these sites and the ‘gold standard’ injection sites as determined by an expert botulinum toxin practitioner was calculated. Participants were more accurate with the AR app than with the diagram, with average distance from expert-identified location 4.60 mm versus 6.75 mm, respectively (p<0.01). Further research is needed in optimising this technology prior to trialling its use in patients; however, AR has tremendous potential to become a useful adjunct for procedures requiring anatomical knowledge of facial muscles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Augmented Reality Can Improve Accuracy in Identifying Botulinum Toxin Injection Sites

2022

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“…The paper entitled “Augmented reality for botulinum toxin injection” by Kim et al presented a new idea of application of AR technologies in surgical training and facial muscles treatment. Authors implemented an AR application for oral and maxillofacial region injections using Unity 3D engine and evaluation of recognition accuracy of soft‐tissue markers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced approaches for information processing in multimedia, decision‐making, and security systems

Ogiela

2020

Concurrency and Computation

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In recent years, we can observe how new advanced computing technologies and computational approaches are very successfully applied in many application areas connected with VR/AR, multimedia technologies, decision-making and information extraction solutions, pattern classification, and security systems. Such enormous progress in application of intelligent information processing techniques is mostly possible thanks to the development of new computing approaches and application of techniques especially oriented on using innovative models for information processing, cognitive computing based on human thinking models and perceptual abilities, and transformative computing. Especially, human-oriented information processing methods allow to intelligently analyze a great amount of data (multimedia, Cloud, classified, etc), store them, manage in secure manner, and transmit between distributed peers using global communication networks. Further development of such technologies will be dependent on future, and next-generation computing approaches oriented for information fusion, data understanding, semantic reasoning, and encryption of processed data. These subjects, as well as a number of others, connected with advanced information processing and securing methodologies, for pervasive computing, IoT, smart infrastructure, 5G communication networks, VR/AR technologies, will form the subject of a Special Issue on Advanced approaches for information processing in multimedia, decision-making and security systems in the Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience Journal. To this Special Issue were selected eight articles of particular interest, which present the most interesting research activities and results within The paper entitled ''New protocols of cognitive data management and sharing in cloud computing'' by Ogiela and Takizawa 5 presents new solutions, which allow to divide and share confidential data in the cloud. In particular, new algorithms called cognitive threshold schemes were presented, which, for secret division, use a graph and multilevel representation. Secret reconstruction is possible with relation of proper shadows selection, which fulfils some requirements for data reconstruction. The paper entitled ''Cognitive cryptography for data security in cloud computing'' by Ogiela 6 presented new classes of authentication codes. Especially, the author introduced cognitive CAPTCHA protocols oriented for multilevel authentication of user groups, based on expert knowledge in any expertise areas, as well as high cognitive skills.

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Technology Based on Interactive Theatre Performance Production and Performance Platform

Xia

Tian

2022

Scientific Programming

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Drama refers to a comprehensive art that realizes the purpose of narrative through language, movement, dance, music, puppets, and other forms. From the pre-Qin period⟶the Han and Wei periods⟶the Tang, Song, and Jin periods⟶the Yuan Dynasty⟶the late Yuan Ming and Qing periods⟶modern times, the art of opera has been welcomed and recognized by a vast audience since its birth, but it is difficult to inherit the art of Chinese opera. The fundamental reason is that there is no good platform for performance. It should be said that since the beginning of the performing arts, there has also been academic thinking on the practice of this artistic creation, so in the academic field of drama, there is actually drama performance science. Due to the changes of the times, Chinese drama art cannot keep up with the pace of the Internet. Therefore, this article proposed a technical research based on the interactive drama performance production and performance platform. This article mainly talks about face recognition technology and its algorithm, and applies it to theatrical performances and productions. In the following experiments, this technology is also used to create a network platform, and its user experience evaluation effect is good. The theatrical performances and productions of young people were also scored, and the final experimental results showed that: at the minimum required level, which is at least three (or more) dramatic materials in the class, scores are high at both levels. Among them, 94.4% of the classes in the first-level kindergarten and 86.1% of the classes in the second-level kindergarten meet this standard. Most of the two levels are qualified, that is to say, in the performance area, at least three people can perform at the same time, which is enough to show that theatrical performance has been passed down.

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Augmented reality for botulinum toxin injection

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Augmented Reality Can Improve Accuracy in Identifying Botulinum Toxin Injection Sites

Augmented Reality Can Improve Accuracy in Identifying Botulinum Toxin Injection Sites

Advanced approaches for information processing in multimedia, decision‐making, and security systems

Technology Based on Interactive Theatre Performance Production and Performance Platform

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