Augmented Reality based Adaptive and Collaborative Learning Methods for Improved Primary Education Towards Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

Abstract

Existing primary education is not organized properly to fulfil the demand of fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) which causes lack of engagement in learning materials, lack of spatial ability and motivation towards learning by young age students. Students especially from initial education level tend to learn from seeing rather than reading or memorizing. In this context, technology like augmented reality and virtual reality bears such visual power in lieu with interactivity and engaging characteristics by bringing virtual and real world together. In addition, flexible presentation mechanisms in lieu with tagging and tracking technology with various degree of freedom provide the effective ground of augmented reality and virtual reality to integrate with current primary education or initial level of education. In this context, this research presents comprehensive and critical reviews in the previous research in terms with several aspects such as methods, research design and experimental validation. Each of the aspects is demonstrated with adequate advantages and disadvantages to design the integration of augmented reality and virtual reality with primary education methodology. In addition, this research illustrates extensive critical explanation for various challenges to integrate augmented reality and virtual reality with primary education to make students motivated towards education, effective activity and memorization with visualization. The overall investigation proposed in this research is expected to fulfil the future demand for Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0).

Augmented Reality-Based 3D Human Hands Tracking From Monocular True Images Using Convolutional Neural Network

“…This research used various performance metrics to validate the proposed mythology, i.e. detection rate (Saif et al, 2015), map (Saif et al, 2014), f-measure (Saif et al, 2021), CT , processing speed in frame per second show in Fig. 3.…”

Issues and Challenges of Primary Education Toward Implementing Technical and Vocational Education Training to Meet the Fourth Industrial Revolution Demand: A Systematic Literature Review

“…The life skills that resemble leadership quality, productivity, and social skills are crucial to be cultivated early. Accordingly, several studies (Fadzil & Saat, 2014;Hendrik et al, 2020;Julius et al, 2018;Masril et al, 2021;Mohamad et al, 2013;Saif et al, 2021;Savita et al, 2017;Siew et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2021;Wasriep & Lajium, 2019) revealed the issues and challenges of primary schools towards instilling these skills among students.…”

“…Four studies (Fadzil & Saat, 2014;Saif et al, 2021;Siew et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2021) addressed the issue of low productivity. They found that when teachers use two-dimensional materials for teaching and learning, students' imaginations become abstractive and lacking in creativity.…”

“…Nevertheless, these skills still require attention because of the low accomplishment in primary schools. Sixteen out of twenty-two studies (Abdullah et al, 2020;Alalwan et al, 2020;Fadzil & Saat, 2014;Hendrik et al, 2020;Hwang et al, 2021;Julius et al, 2018;Kasinathan et al, 2018;Kho & Chen, 2017;Masril et al, 2021;Razak et al, 2019;Saif et al, 2021;Savita et al, 2017;Siew et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2020;Singh et al, 2021;Wasriep & Lajium, 2019) discussed poor acquisition in learning skills among students and educators.…”

“…Nonetheless, it showed a low impact on students and educators. Students were unable to create simple products or drawings; they additionally displayed low levels of innovation (figural creativity); they had trouble understanding math and graphics; students from vulnerable communities had low levels of creativity; teachers are not creative in how they present the material for their lessons; and there are problems integrating blended learning in the classroom, causing students to lag without having the chance to express their creativity (Hendrik, 2020;Hendrik et al, 2020;Hwang et al, 2021;Mohamad et al, 2013;Saif et al, 2021;Shahali et al, 2017;Siew et al, 2014).…”