Augmentation of Mind-body Therapy and Role of Deep Slow Breathing

Jerath, Ravinder; Barnes, Vernon A.

doi:10.2202/1553-3840.1299

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We propose that inhibition of these emotional processing areas of the brain, during meditation, is caused by a shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic dominance facilitated by slow, deeper breathing and cardiorespiratory synchronization (Jerath and Barnes 2009). A study by Zagon and Kemeny found that low-intensity stimulation of the vagus nerve caused long-lasting slow hyperpolarization of neurons in the cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Possible Role Of Membrane Potential In Cardiorespiratory Modmentioning

confidence: 95%

Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

et al. 2015

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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184

125

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Understanding the autonomic nervous system and homeostatic changes associated with emotions remains a major challenge for neuroscientists and a fundamental prerequisite to treat anxiety, stress, and emotional disorders. Based on recent publications, the inter-relationship between respiration and emotions and the influence of respiration on autonomic changes, and subsequent widespread membrane potential changes resulting from changes in homeostasis are discussed. We hypothesize that reversing homeostatic alterations with meditation and breathing techniques rather than targeting neurotransmitters with medication may be a superior method to address the whole body changes that occur in stress, anxiety, and depression. Detrimental effects of stress, negative emotions, and sympathetic dominance of the autonomic nervous system have been shown to be counteracted by different forms of meditation, relaxation, and breathing techniques. We propose that these breathing techniques could be used as firstline and supplemental treatments for stress, anxiety, depression, and some emotional disorders.

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Section: Possible Role Of Membrane Potential In Cardiorespiratory Modmentioning

confidence: 95%

Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

et al. 2015

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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184

125

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“…This topic and the possible underlying mechanisms have been discussed in detail in our previous articles (Jerath et al, 2006 , 2012 ). Changes in mental state, from anxiety to a meditative or relaxed state, are due to a total body response with associated changes in cardiorespiratory, peripheral, and DMN oscillations (Jerath and Barnes, 2009 ). This mechanism is at play during awake states, when memory, attention, and cognitive skills can be enhanced by meditation (Mrazek et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Mindfulness Meditation and Pranayamamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the central role of global membrane potential based homeostasis can also explain how slow deep breathing, such as that practiced during pranayama and meditation, can lead to autonomic modulation. For a detailed look at this phenomenon (see Jerath et al, 2006 , 2014c ; Jerath and Barnes, 2009 ). The change in mental state from a sympathetic stressed state to a parasympathetic mind-body response is based on total body response with associated changes in cardiorespiratory, peripheral, and DMN oscillations (Jerath and Barnes, 2009 ) (Figures 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Mindfulness Meditation and Pranayamamentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified 3D default space consciousness model combining neurological and physiological processes that underlie conscious experience

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

2015

Front. Psychol.

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108

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The Global Workspace Theory and Information Integration Theory are two of the most currently accepted consciousness models; however, these models do not address many aspects of conscious experience. We compare these models to our previously proposed consciousness model in which the thalamus fills-in processed sensory information from corticothalamic feedback loops within a proposed 3D default space, resulting in the recreation of the internal and external worlds within the mind. This 3D default space is composed of all cells of the body, which communicate via gap junctions and electrical potentials to create this unified space. We use 3D illustrations to explain how both visual and non-visual sensory information may be filled-in within this dynamic space, creating a unified seamless conscious experience. This neural sensory memory space is likely generated by baseline neural oscillatory activity from the default mode network, other salient networks, brainstem, and reticular activating system.

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“…Breathing can modulate behavior and behavior can modulate breathing [5] [38] [39]. We propose that breathing is a dynamic and global activity that releases and sends electrical impulses throughout the body (via slowly adapting stretch receptors), and due to the small size of these electrons, they are able to penetrate all of the body's tissues (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Respiration and Membrane Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that during anxiety, breathing rates increase and are shallow, but deep breathing has been shown to help decrease anxiety states [39] [40]. Additionally, the role of rapid breathing is evident in hyperventilation (leading to panic attacks) [49] and breathing into a paper bag has shown to be efficacious in returning respiration to normal [50].…”

Section: Breathing Brings Consciousness To Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Role of Breathing and Cellular Membrane Potentials in the Experience of Consciousness

Jerath¹,

Cearley²,

Barnes³

et al. 2017

WJNS

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Understanding the mechanics of consciousness remains one of the most important challenges in modern cognitive science. One key step toward understanding consciousness is to associate unconscious physiological processes with subjective experiences of sensory, motor, and emotional contents. This article explores the role of various cellular membrane potential differences and how they give rise to the dynamic infrastructure of conscious experience. This article explains that consciousness is a body-wide, biological process not limited to individual organs because the mind and body are unified as one entity; therefore, no single location of consciousness can be pinpointed. Consciousness exists throughout the entire body, and unified consciousness is experienced and maintained through dynamic repolarization during inhalation and expiration. Extant knowledge is reviewed to provide insight into how differences in cellular membrane potential play a vital role in the triggering of neural and non-neural oscillations. The role of dynamic cellular membrane potentials in the activity of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cardiorespiratory system, and various other tissues (such as muscles and sensory organs) in the physiology of consciousness is also explored. Inspiration and expiration are accompanied by oscillating membrane potentials throughout all cells and play a vital role in subconscious human perception of feelings and states of mind. In addition, the role of the brainstem, hypothalamus, and complete nervous system (central, peripheral, and autonomic) within the mind-body space combine to allow consciousness to emerge and to come alive. This concept departs from the notion that the brain is the only organ that gives rise to consciousness.

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Augmentation of Mind-body Therapy and Role of Deep Slow Breathing

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety

Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety

A unified 3D default space consciousness model combining neurological and physiological processes that underlie conscious experience

The Dynamic Role of Breathing and Cellular Membrane Potentials in the Experience of Consciousness

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