Auditory System

Malmierca, Manuel S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374245-2.00029-2

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 689 publications

(1,365 reference statements)

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“…(mountain beaver) of the total cochlear nucleus volume (cat: 35%; Osen, 1969). Godfrey et al (2016) interpreted these features of the DCN as possible adaptations facilitating the integration of somatosensory and auditory stimuli in the underground habitat which is in line with the interpretation of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in mammals, generally (see also Malmierca, 2015). The granule cells of the DCN receive direct input from many sources including the trigeminal somatosensory system and this information is likely processed in the molecular layer (Young & Davis, 2002).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Brain atlas of the African mole‐ratFukomys anselli

Dollas

Oelschläger

Begall

et al. 2019

J of Comparative Neurology

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African mole‐rats are subterranean rodents that spend their whole life in underground burrow systems. They show a range of morphological and physiological adaptations to their ecotope, for instance severely reduced eyes and specialized somatosensory, olfactory, and auditory systems. These adaptations are also reflected in the accessory sensory pathways in the brain that process the input coming from the sensory organs. So far, a brain atlas was available only for the naked mole‐rat ( Heterocephalus glaber ). The Ansell's mole‐rat ( Fukomys anselli ) has been the subject of many investigations in various disciplines (ethology, sensory physiology, and anatomy) including magnetic orientation. It is therefore surprising that an atlas of the brain of this species was not available so far. Here, we present a comprehensive atlas of the Ansell's mole‐rat brain based on Nissl and Klüver‐Barrera stained sections. We identify and label 375 brain regions and discuss selected differences from the brain of the closely related naked mole‐rat as well as from epigeic mammals (rat), with a particular focus on the auditory brainstem. This atlas can serve as a reference for future neuroanatomical investigations of subterranean mammals.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Brain atlas of the African mole‐ratFukomys anselli

Dollas

Oelschläger

Begall

et al. 2019

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Brainstem regions were identified using the stereotaxic brain atlas for the rat (Paxinos and Watson, ), and the overviews given by Schwartz (), Warr (), Kulesza et al, (), and Malmierca (). According to Vetter and Mugnaini () and Warr et al (), FG‐labeled neurons were divided into three subgroups: LOC neurons in the LSO, shell‐neurons (surrounding the LSO, including periolivary regions) and medial OC (MOC) neurons in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body (VNTB), and rostral periolivary region (RPO).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Early Neuronal Death in the Olivocochlear System Following Acoustic Overstimulation

Reuss

Closhen

Riemann

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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This study was conducted to examine possible effects of noise trauma on olivocochlear (OC) neurons. Anesthetized rats were exposed to a continuous 10 kHz pure tone at 120 dB sound pressure level for 2 hrs. The effects of treatment were verified by recordings of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission. Three or 8 days after acoustic trauma, rats received unilateral injections of an aqueous solution of the retrograde neuronal tracer Fluorogold (FG) into the scala tympani to identify OC neurons (OCN). Five days after FG injection, brains were perfusion-fixed, and brainstem sections were cut and analyzed with respect to FG-labeled neurons. We found that, in both groups, numbers of OCN were similar to that of controls. The incubation of a second set of sections with antibodies against choline-acetyltransferase (the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis) showed the cholinergic neurons of the brainstem, however, without suggesting differences between groups. Our study, the first to investigate noise trauma effects on identified OCN, revealed that no visible alterations occurred in 2 weeks following trauma, neither in identified OCN nor in cholineacetyltransferase-immunofluorescence. At this time, auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements showed severe signs of hearing loss. The mechanisms leading to hearing loss upon noise trauma apparently do not involve degeneration of OCN. Anat Rec, 299:103-110, 2016. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Abbreviations used: ABR 5 auditory brainstem response; ChAT 5 choline-acetyltransferase; DPOAE 5 distortion product otoacoustic emission; FG 5 Fluorogold; IHC 5 inner hair cells; LOC/MOC 5 lateral/medial olivocochlear neurons; LSO 5 lateral superior olive; OC 5 olivocochlear; OCN 5 olivocochlear neurons; OHC 5 outer hair cells; PBS 5 phosphate-buffered 0.9% saline; RPO 5 rostral paraolivary region; RT 5 room temperature; SOC 5 superior olivary complex; SPL 5 sound pressure level; VNTB 5 ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body Grant sponsor: R€ ottger-Stiftung; Grant sponsor: HoffmannKlose-Stiftung.

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“…The inferior colliculus (IC) receives input from all brainstem auditory nuclei, which serve to analyze and integrate different aspects of sound information in parallel (Adams, ; Ito, Bishop, & Oliver, ; Malmierca, ; Ono & Ito, ). Inside the IC, small domains which receive a particular combination of ascending inputs are present (Cant & Benson, ) and are likely to serve to analyze a particular aspect of sound information (Loftus, Bishop, & Oliver, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of subcortical auditory nuclei of Japanese house bat (Pipistrellus abramus) identified with cytoarchitecture and molecular expression

Ito

Furuyama

Hase

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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The auditory system of echolocating bats shows remarkable specialization likely related to analyzing echoes of sonar pulses. However, significant interspecies differences have been observed in the organization of auditory pathways among echolocating bats, and the homology of auditory nuclei with those of non-echolocating species has not been established. Here, in order to establish the homology and specialization of auditory pathways in echolocating bats, the expression of markers for glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glycinergic phenotypes in the subcortical auditory nuclei of Japanese house bat (Pipistrellus abramus) was evaluated. In the superior olivary complex, we identified the medial superior olive and superior paraolivary nuclei as expressing glutamatergic and GABAergic phenotypes, respectively, suggesting these nuclei are homologous with those of rodents. In the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (NLL), the dorsal nucleus was found to be purely GABAergic, the intermediate nucleus was a mixture of glutamatergic and inhibitory neurons, the compact part of the ventral nucleus was purely glycinergic, and the multipolar part of the ventral nucleus expressed both GABA and glycine. In the inferior colliculus (IC), the central nucleus was found to be further subdivided into dorsal and ventral parts according to differences in the density of terminals and the morphology of large GABAergic neurons, suggesting specialization to sonar pulse structure. Medial geniculate virtually lacked GABAergic neurons, suggesting that the organization of the tectothalamic pathway is similar with that of rodents. Taken together, our findings revealed that specialization primarily occurs with regard to nuclei size and organization of the NLL and IC.

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Auditory System

Cited by 51 publications

References 689 publications

Brain atlas of the African mole‐ratFukomys anselli

Brain atlas of the African mole‐ratFukomys anselli

Absence of Early Neuronal Death in the Olivocochlear System Following Acoustic Overstimulation

Organization of subcortical auditory nuclei of Japanese house bat (Pipistrellus abramus) identified with cytoarchitecture and molecular expression

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