Auditory spatial responses of young guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during and after ear blocking.

Clements, Maureen; Kelly, Jack B.

doi:10.1037/h0077424

Cited by 92 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, the consequences of unilateral CHL are more significant than bilateral CHL in terms of both structural and functional effects on the central auditory system. For example, unilateral CHL reduces the size of neurons in the ipsilateral anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) [Coleman and O'Connor, 1979], alters binaural response properties of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) [Silverman and Clopton, 1977a], and disrupts accurate sound localization [Clements and Kelly, 1978]. Yet, in the same studies, bilateral CHL had no effect on cell size, binaural interactions, or localization ability.…”

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confidence: 89%

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Reversible Conductive Hearing Loss: Restored Activity in the Central Auditory System

2008

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The effect of a reversible, unilateral hearing loss on 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in the central auditory system was studied using young gerbils. All animals had a unilateral conductive hearing loss (CHL), induced by atresia, on postnatal day 21 (P21). One week later, on P28, animals had their atresia repaired (CHL/R), or not repaired (CHL/NR), and CHL/NR animals entered the 2-DG experiments. CHL/R animals were allowed a 1-week period of restored binaural hearing experience prior to entering 2-DG experiments on P35. Animals in each group were injected with 2-DG and exposed to ambient sounds for 45 min prior to sacrifice. Uptake of 2-DG was measured in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), the medial superior olive (MSO), and the inferior colliculus (IC) on both sides of the brain. In CHL/NR animals, there were significant differences in uptake between the AVCN, MSO, and IC ipsilateral versus contralateral to the manipulated ear, indicating an imbalance in ascending afferent activity. In CHL/R animals, there were no significant differences, suggesting that 1 week after CHL repair, the appearance of balanced afferent activity had been restored.

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confidence: 89%

“…Animals with a recovered CHL have persistent deficits in sound localization [Clements and Kelly, 1978;Potash and Kelly, 1980;Kelly and Potash, 1986] and in binaural unmasking tasks [Moore et al, 1999] and these deficits, while reversible, last for weeks to years after CHL resolution.…”

Section: Functional Consequences Of Unilateral Chlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Conductive Hearing Loss: Restored Activity in the Central Auditory System

2008

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“…These specializations may be inferred by examining sound localization behavior in the context of predator/prey relationships (Heffner and Heffner 1987). Psychophysical studies have noted excellent directional acuity in predator species like the cat (Casseday and Neff 1973;Huang and May 1996b), but less accurate sound localization abilities in prey species like the guinea pig and gerbil (Clements and Kelly 1978;Kelly and Potash 1986;Heffner and Heffner 1988a). The influence of lifestyle has been used to explain the exceptional directional hearing of predatory rodents like the grasshopper mouse (Heffner and Heffner 1988b).…”

Section: Generalization Of Type O Response Patterns To Other Studies mentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Processing of Spectral Cues for Sound Localization in the Inferior Colliculus

Davis

Ramachandran

May

2003

JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngolog

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The head-related transfer function (HRTF) of the cat adds directionally dependent energy minima to the amplitude spectrum of complex sounds. These spectral notches are a principal cue for the localization of sound source elevation. Physiological evidence suggests that the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) plays a critical role in the brainstem processing of this directional feature. Type O units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) are a primary target of ascending DCN projections and, therefore, may represent midbrain specializations for the auditory processing of spectral cues for sound localization. Behavioral studies confirm a loss of sound orientation accuracy when DCN projections to the inferior colliculus are surgically lesioned. This study used simple analogs of HRTF notches to characterize single-unit response patterns in the ICC of decerebrate cats that may contribute to the directional sensitivity of the brain's spectral processing pathways. Manipulations of notch frequency and bandwidth demonstrated frequency-specific excitatory responses that have the capacity to encode HRTF-based cues for sound source location. These response patterns were limited to type O units in the ICC and have not been observed for the projection neurons of the DCN. The unique spectral integration properties of type O units suggest that DCN influences are transformed into a more selective representation of sound source location by a local convergence of wideband excitatory and frequency-tuned inhibitory inputs.

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“…When cats, rats, monkeys, and guinea pigs are exposed to novel sounds of low intensity, they orient to, approach, and explore the sound source (Buzsaki, 1982;Buzsaki, Grasty'an, Molnar, Tveritskaya, & Haubenreiser, 1979;Clements & Kelly, 1978;Harrison, 1979Harrison, , 1983aKelly, 1981;Pavlov, 1927, pp. 29, 43;Rogozea, Ungher, & Florea-Ciocoiu, 1970;West & Harrison, 1973 & Harrison, 1985;Clements & Kelly, 1978;Engelmann, 1928).…”

Section: Location Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Discrimination: The Konorski Quality‐location Effect

Neill

Harrison

1987

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Konorski showed that when a go/no-go procedure was used, sound quality discriminations were rapidly acquired and sound location discriminations were slowly acquired. These findings have been interpreted as a general constraint on the acquisition of auditory discriminations (quality-location effect). However, experiments carried out within an evolutionary framework (Harrison, 1984) have shown that the rate of acquisition of sound location discriminations varies widely as a function of the inclusion or exclusion of naturalistic features. These data suggest that Konorski's findings were a function of the special conditions of the experiments. The first purpose of the present experiments was to assess whether rats showed the effects noted by Konorski when studied under similar conditions. The second purpose was to study the effect of manipulating two natural features (novelty and stimulusresponse adjacency) to assess whether the acquisition rates of quality and location discriminations could be greatly modified or made approximately equal, or both. When a go/no-go procedure was used and the other conditions were similar to those of Konorski, rats acquired a quality discrimination but did not acquire a location discrimination. However, when the S+ or S-were presented through a closely adjacent speaker, the sound location discrimination was acquired as rapidly as the quality discrimination. Finally, preexposing the animal to either S+ or S-retarded the rate of or prevented the acquisition of the quality discrimination. The experiments showed that the quality-location effect was determined primarily by the conditions used in Konorski's experiments, and that the effect is not a general constraint on learning.Key words: auditory discrimination, go/no-go procedure, quality-location effect, constraints on conditioning, Konorski, location discrimination, rats In a classical series of studies on auditory discrimination, Konorski and his colleagues showed that when a go/no-go procedure is used, auditory quality discriminations (e.g., metronome vs. buzzer, 300 Hz vs. 1,500 Hz tones) were more readily acquired than were discriminations of sound source location. When a go-left/go-right procedure was used, however, location discriminations were more readily acquired than were stimulus quality discrim-

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Auditory spatial responses of young guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during and after ear blocking.

Cited by 92 publications

References 46 publications

Reversible Conductive Hearing Loss: Restored Activity in the Central Auditory System

Reversible Conductive Hearing Loss: Restored Activity in the Central Auditory System

Auditory Processing of Spectral Cues for Sound Localization in the Inferior Colliculus

Auditory Discrimination: The Konorski Quality‐location Effect

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