Auditory Perception

Yost, William A.; Sheft, Stanley

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2728-1_6

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Acoustic events can provide useful information regarding the location of a stimulus, particularly in conditions of visual crowding or when the event is outside the visual range. To use auditory information effectively the sound source must be localized, a process that relies on the encoding of location-dependent variations in the timing and intensity of a sound arriving at the two ears (Middlebrooks and Green, 1991;Yost and Sheft, 1993). The interaural time difference (ITD) is primarily coded through low-frequency neural channels (<1500 Hz; Middlebrooks and Green, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eccentricity effect for auditory saccadic reaction times is independent of target frequency

2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eccentricity effect for auditory saccadic reaction times is independent of target frequency

2010

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“…This aspect is particularly relevant for the retrieval of such signals from a sound mix. Relevant correlates of periodicity analysis in the auditory system have been identified in terms of ‘comodulation masking release’ (Hall et al ., 1984; Klump & Langemann, 1995; Nelken et al ., 1999), ‘modulation detection interference’ (Yost et al ., 1989), and analysis of the fundamental frequency of voiced phonemes as a potential basis for speaker recognition in acoustically rich environments (the ‘cocktail party effect'described by Cherry, 1953; von der Malsburg & Schneider, 1986; Yost & Sheft, 1993). Neuronal mechanisms reflecting periodicity are found throughout the auditory system (Hose et al ., 1987; Schreiner & Langner, 1988; Pantev et al ., 1989; Jen et al ., 1993; Heil et al ., 1995; Langner et al ., 1997; for review see Langner, 1992) and in primary auditory cortex (AI) neurons respond selectively to both specific tones and periodicities (Schreiner & Urbas, 1988; Eggermont, 1994; Gaese & Ostwald, 1995; Bieser & Müller‐Preuss, 1996; Schulze & Langner, 1997, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superposition of horseshoe‐like periodicity and linear tonotopic maps in auditory cortex of the Mongolian gerbil

Schulze

Heß

Ohl

et al. 2002

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The segregation of an individual sound from a mixture of concurrent sounds, the so-called cocktail-party phenomenon, is a fundamental and largely unexplained capability of the auditory system. Speaker recognition involves grouping of the various spectral (frequency) components of an individual's voice and segregating them from other competing voices. The important parameter for grouping may be the periodicity of sound waves because the spectral components of a given voice have one periodicity, viz. fundamental frequency, as their common denominator. To determine the relationship between the representations of spectral content and periodicity in the primary auditory cortex (AI), we used optical recording of intrinsic signals and electrophysiological mapping in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). We found that periodicity maps as an almost circular gradient superimposed on the linear tonotopic gradient in the low frequency part of AI. This geometry of the periodicity map may imply competitive signal processing in support of the theory of "winner-takes-all".

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“…Studies of audition have revealed several examples of across-channel processing, including comodulation masking release, profile analysis, and modulation discrimination interference (Hall et al 1984; Green 1988; Yost and Sheft 1993; Moore 2008). All implicate circuitry employing a decision or “voter” module that integrates separate peripheral channels (Heinz et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus change detection in phasic auditory units in the frog midbrain: frequency and ear specific adaptation

2013

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Neural adaptation, a reduction in the response to a maintained stimulus, is an important mechanism for detecting stimulus change. Contributing to change detection is the fact that adaptation is often stimulus specific: adaptation to a particular stimulus reduces excitability to a specific subset of stimuli, while the ability to respond to other stimuli is unaffected. Phasic cells (e.g., cells responding to stimulus onset) are good candidates for detecting the most rapid changes in natural auditory scenes, as they exhibit fast and complete adaptation to an initial stimulus presentation. We made recordings of single phasic auditory units in the frog midbrain to determine if adaptation was specific to stimulus frequency and ear of input. In response to an instantaneous frequency step in a tone, 28 % of phasic cells exhibited frequency specific adaptation based on a relative frequency change (delta-f = ±16 %). Frequency specific adaptation was not limited to frequency steps, however, as adaptation was also overcome during continuous frequency modulated stimuli and in response to spectral transients interrupting tones. The results suggest that adaptation is separated for peripheral (e.g., frequency) channels. This was tested directly using dichotic stimuli. In 45 % of binaural phasic units, adaptation was ear specific: adaptation to stimulation of one ear did not affect responses to stimulation of the other ear. Thus, adaptation exhibited specificity for stimulus frequency and lateralization at the level of the midbrain. This mechanism could be employed to detect rapid stimulus change within and between sound sources in complex acoustic environments.

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Auditory Perception

Cited by 27 publications

References 108 publications

The eccentricity effect for auditory saccadic reaction times is independent of target frequency

The eccentricity effect for auditory saccadic reaction times is independent of target frequency

Superposition of horseshoe‐like periodicity and linear tonotopic maps in auditory cortex of the Mongolian gerbil

Stimulus change detection in phasic auditory units in the frog midbrain: frequency and ear specific adaptation

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