Auditory masking experiments in schizophrenia

Källstrand, Johan; Montnémery, Peter; Nielzén, Sören; Olssón, Olle

doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00248-2

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The results of this study further confirm the tight relationship between sensory gating and perceptual processing and may be useful for improving animal models of schizophrenia. Impaired attentional modulation of PPI has been found in schizophrenic patients and schizotypal personality disordered subjects (Dawson et al, 1993;Hazlett et al, 2003;Hazlett et al, 2007), and schizophrenic patients are more vulnerable to both forward masking and backward masking with noise (Kallstrand et al, 2002). Thus, an important issue is whether the conditional modulation and/or perceptual modulation of PPI is useful for improving animal models for studying schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al, 2008). Moreover, as compared with normal controls and anxiety patients, schizophrenic patients perform much worse with noise in forward-masking and backward-masking tasks (Kallstrand, Montnémery, Nielzn, & Olsson, 2002), suggesting that the perceptual salience of target signals is more vulnerable to noise masking in schizophrenics. Recognition of a target sound against a noisy background needs selective attention to the target, and, as was mentioned above, perceived spatial separation between a target sound and a masker facilitates listeners' selective attention to the target even when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not substantially changed (Freyman et al, 1999;L.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Precedence-effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats

et al. 2009

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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Attention to a prepulse presented shortly before a startling stimulus enhances prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle in normal people, but not in schizophrenics. Fear conditioning for the prepulse enhances PPI in socially reared, but not isolation-reared, rats. In humans, selective attention to acoustic signals against masking can be facilitated by precedence-effect-induced perceived spatial separation between the signal and the masker. This study investigated whether perceived spatial separation between a prepulse and a noise masker enhances PPI in socially reared rats and isolation-reared rats. The results show that both PPI and conditioning-induced PPI enhancement were larger in socially reared rats than in isolation-reared rats. More important, in socially reared, but not isolation-reared, rats, a further PPI enhancement was induced by precedence-effect-induced perceived separation between a prepulse and a masker only after the prepulse became fear conditioned. Thus, perceived separation facilitates normal rats' attention to a conditioned prepulse and enhances PPI. Isolation rearing impairs rats' ability to attend to ecologically significant acoustic events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 96%

Precedence-effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats

et al. 2009

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…During the initial stages of training in all exercises, auditory stimuli are processed to exaggerate the rapid temporal transitions within the sound stimuli by increasing their amplitude and stretching them in time. The goal of the processing is to increase the effectiveness with which these stimuli engage and drive plastic changes in brain auditory systems in which individuals with schizophrenia exhibit relatively poor temporal responses (30). This exaggeration is gradually removed so that by the end of training, all auditory stimuli have temporal characteristics representative of real-world rapid speech.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Training to Improve Verbal Memory in Schizophrenia

Fisher¹,

Holland²,

Merzenich³

et al. 2009

AJP

374

377

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Objective-Impaired verbal memory in schizophrenia is a key rate-limiting factor for functional outcome, does not respond to currently available medications, and shows only modest improvement after conventional behavioral remediation. The authors investigated an innovative approach to the remediation of verbal memory in schizophrenia, based on principles derived from the basic neuroscience of learning-induced neuroplasticity. The authors report interim findings in this ongoing study.Method-Fifty-five clinically stable schizophrenia subjects were randomly assigned to either 50 hours of computerized auditory training or a control condition using computer games. Those receiving auditory training engaged in daily computerized exercises that placed implicit, increasing demands on auditory perception through progressively more difficult auditory-verbal working memory and verbal learning tasks.Results-Relative to the control group, subjects who received active training showed significant gains in global cognition, verbal working memory, and verbal learning and memory. They also showed reliable and significant improvement in auditory psychophysical performance; this improvement was significantly correlated with gains in verbal working memory and global cognition.Conclusions-Intensive training in early auditory processes and auditory-verbal learning results in substantial gains in verbal cognitive processes relevant to psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. These gains may be due to a training method that addresses the early perceptual impairments in the illness, that exploits intact mechanisms of repetitive practice in schizophrenia, and that uses an intensive, adaptive training approach.One of the greatest challenges for 21st-century bio-medicine is to develop an effective treatment for the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications and adjunctive cognitive-enhancing agents show little benefit thus far (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Cognitive remediation trials demonstrate some efficacy (6), but a recent meta-analysis revealed a "glass ceiling" of low to medium effect sizes across a large variety of methods (7). Clearly, a fresh approach to the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in this illness is warranted. Verbal learning and memory are among the most robustly abnormal cognitive functions in schizophrenia and are key targets for treatment (8). Impaired verbal memory is associated with poor community functioning and poor response to psychosocial rehabilitation programs (9-11); it may be the principal reason why the gains provided by such programs are lost once the intervention ends (12)(13)(14). We wondered whether it is possible to develop a novel approach to the remediation of verbal memory deficits in schizophrenia based on recent developments in clinical and basic neuroscience.In schizophrenia, abnormalities are observed in fronto-temporal cortical networks during verbal working memory, word encoding, and word recognition (15,16). However, disturbances are also present at the earliest stages of...

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“…." Källstrand et al [17] investigated forward masking in subjects with schizophrenia versus healthy subjects by means of a rating method. Schizophrenics displayed rigidity at a certain level of the stimulus-noise configuration, indicating a deficiency in the changing of one of the midbrain's use of its detection mechanisms into another.…”

Section: Fig 1 In Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain stem audiometry may supply markers for diagnostic and therapeutic control in psychiatry

Nielzén

Holmberg²,

Sköld³

et al. 2016

Neuroscience Letters

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Auditory masking experiments in schizophrenia

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Precedence-effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats

Precedence-effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats

Using Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Training to Improve Verbal Memory in Schizophrenia

Brain stem audiometry may supply markers for diagnostic and therapeutic control in psychiatry

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