Auditory Impairments and vestibular dysfunctions After Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Duo of Case Reports

Abstract

Introduction: Cryptococcal meningitis, caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, is a rare opportunistic infection, mainly affecting immunosuppressed individuals. Among its less frequent but significant clinical manifestations are hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction, which impact patients' quality of life and require specific care. Objective and Methodology: This report presents two cases of post-meningitic cryptococcal patients evaluated in a specialized otorhinolaryngology unit. Case Reports: Two patients with sensorineural hearing loss associated with cryptococcal meningitis are described. The first patient, C.S.A, a male, developed profound bilateral hearing loss following meningitis, with no anatomical abnormalities observed, and was subsequently referred to a cochlear implant and vestibular rehabilitation outpatient clinic. Patient R.V.F, a female, developed moderate hearing loss at specific frequencies after meningitis, with radiological findings suggesting ongoing infectious activity. Additionally, she presented an opaque tympanic membrane without retractions. Both patients received recommendations for continuous audiological monitoring. Discussion: These cases underscore the complexity of auditory manifestations in cryptococcal meningitis and highlight the significance of audiological monitoring and further research to enhance understanding and treatment. Conclusion: It is imperative to enhance prevention and treatment strategies for cryptococcal meningitis to enhance the quality of life of affected patients through additional research.