Auditory false perceptions are mediated by psychosis risk factors

Abstract

Younger participants seem most vulnerable to the effects of positive schizotypal traits in terms of a signal detection deficit that underlies auditory hallucinations. Schizotypy may have greatest impact closer to the risk period for development of psychotic disorders.

Externalizing biases and hallucinations in source-monitoring, self-monitoring and signal detection studies: a meta-analytic review

“…Rather, performance in both tasks might be affected by common top-down influences that could contribute to the formation of hallucinatory experiences. Further research is required to investigate the relationship between externalizing bias estimates from source-monitoring, self-monitoring and SDT tasks, and determine whether these Allen et al (2006) 0.51 -0.03 1.05 0.07 Barkus et al (2007) 0.85 0.25 1.45 0.01 Barkus et al (2011) 0.37 -0.15 0.90 0.16 Bentall & Slade (1985a) 1.49 0.53 2.44 0.00 Laroi et al (2004) 0.93 0.35 1.50 0.00 Rankin & O'Carroll (1995) 1.62 0.81 2.43 0.00 0.41 -0.28 1.10 0.24 0.79 0.30 1.28 0.00 0.80 0.54 1.06 0.00 Clinical Allen et al (2004) 1.64 0.80 2.48 0.00 Allen et al (2007) 1.24 0.32 2.17 0.01 Arguedas et al (2012) -0.12 -0.87 0.63 0.76 Bendall et al (2012) 0.57 -0.03 1.17 0.06 Bentall & Slade (1985a) 1.22 0.30 2.14 0.01 Bentall et al (1991) 0.50 -0.25 1.24 0.19 Brebion et al (2000) 0.09 -0.52 0.70 0.78 Brunelin et al (2006) 0.58 0.08 1.09 0.02 Johns et al (2001) 0.23 -0.66 1.12 0.62 Johns et al (2006) 0.48 -0.23 1.18 0.19 Morrison & Haddock (1997) 0.92 0.10 1.74 0.03 Stephane et al (2010) 0.11 -0.65 0.87 0.78 Varese et al (2012) 0.99 0.25 1.73 0.01 Vercammen et al (2008) 0.36 -0.34 1.06 0.32 Woodward et al (2007) 0 make independent contributions to hallucinationproneness.…”

Neural processing of criticism and positive comments from relatives in individuals with schizotypal personality traits

“…A score of Ն 7, out of a maximum score of 12, on the UE subscale on the O-LIFE short form represents 58% of the maximum possible score. This score would correspond to a score of Ն 21, out of 36, on the UE subscale of the O-LIFE extended form (Mason et al 1995) that is similar to average UE scores found in high schizotypy groups in other studies (Morgan et al 2006;Morgan et al 2009;Barkus et al 2011). A score of Յ 2 on the UE subscale on the O-LIFE short form represents 16% of the maximum possible score.…”

“…A score of Յ 2 on the UE subscale on the O-LIFE short form represents 16% of the maximum possible score. This score would correspond to Յ 6 on the UE subscale of the O-LIFE extended form which is similar to or lower than the average UE scores for low schizotypy groups in other studies (Morgan et al 2006;Morgan et al 2009;Barkus et al 2011). The other O-LIFE subscales, namely cognitive disorganisation, introvertive anhedonia and impulsive non-conformity, were also administered for sample characterisation purposes.…”

Associations between intrusive thoughts, reality discrimination and hallucination-proneness in healthy young adults

“…Following Barkus et al (2011), the number of false alarms made (i.e., trials where participants had responded that the speech was present in the white noise when it was in fact absent) was used as our primary measure of reality discrimination. In addition, the number of hits a participant made (i.e., trials where a participant correctly responded that the speech was present in the white noise), d' (or perceptual sensitivity; i.e., a participant's ability to discriminate between trials where speech was present and trials where speech was absent), and non-parametric β (or response bias; i.e., a participant's tendency, across all trials, to respond that speech was present in the white noise) were recorded.…”