Auditory distance perception by translating observers

Speigle, Jon M.; Loomis, Jack M.

doi:10.1109/vrais.1993.378257

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, as indicated above, the topic of auditory distance perception with normal listening is ofgreat interest in its own right. One such experiment by our group has already been reported (Speigle & Loomis, 1993) using source distances ranging from 2 to 6 m; more recent experiments using longer distances are reported here.…”

Section: Virtual Acoustic Displaysmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Tau specifies the time to collision of an observer approaching the source with a constant closing velocity; source distance is given by the product ofacoustic tau and the closing velocity. Speigle and Loomis (1993) found that the dynamic cues of motion parallax and acoustic tau exerted only a modest influence on observers' judgments of source distance above and beyond the static cues (sound level, spectral cues, and direct/reverberant ratio) that were available in their test environment. Ashmead et al (1995) found that acoustic tau information improved performance considerably more; in their study, however, sound level was rendered unreliable as a static distance cue by randomly varying source intensity from trial to trial independently of distance.…”

Section: Dynamic Distance Cuesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One of these is absolute motion parallax, the changing azimuth ofa source (Loomis et aI., 1990;Speigle & Loomis, 1993). Its validity as a distance cue relies on the assumption that the source is stationary.…”

Section: Dynamic Distance Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, when the observer is ready, further access to sensory information about the target is eliminated (e.g., by blindfolding, in the case of vision), and the observer attempts to indicate his/her knowledge of the target location by one of several spatial actions. The most common action used in research of this kind is perceptually directed walking, where the observer attempts to walk to the location ofthe target, as it was perceived from the exposure location (Ashmead et al, 1995;Corlett, 1986;Loomis et al, 1992;Rieser et al, 1990;Speigle & Loomis, 1993;Thomson, 1983). Loomis et al (1992) and Fukusima, Loomis, and Da Silva (1997) have employed two actions based on the principle of triangulation to assess visually perceived distance.…”

Section: Perceptually Guided Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing auditory distance perception using perceptually directed action

Loomis

Klatzky

Philbeck

et al. 1998

Perception & Psychophysics

127

125

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Three experiments investigated auditory distance perception under natural listening conditions in a large open field. Targets varied in egocentric distance from 3 to 16 m. By presenting visual targets at these same locations on other trials, we were able to compare visual and auditory distance perception under similar circumstances. In some experimental conditions, observers made verbal reports of target distance. In others, observers viewed or listened to the target and then, without further perceptual information about the target, attempted to face the target, walk directly to it, or walk along a two-segment indirect path to it. The primary results were these. First, the verbal and walking responses were largely concordant, with the walking responses exhibiting less between-observer variability. Second, different motoric responses provided consistent estimates of the perceived target locations and, therefore, of the initially perceived distances. Third, under circumstances for which visual targets were perceived more or less correctly in distance using the more precise walking response, auditory targets were generally perceived with considerable systematic error. In particular, the perceived locations of the auditory targets varied only about half as much in distance as did the physical targets; in addition, there was a tendency to underestimate target distance, except for the closest targets.Spatial hearing is concerned with the localization of sound sources and reflecting surfaces. In this paper, our focus is on the localization of sound sources. The egocentric location of a source is usually specified in these following coordinates: azimuth (compass direction with respect to the facing direction ofthe head), elevation, and distance. The vast majority of studies on the localization of sources has been concerned with directional hearing; only a few studies have dealt with auditory distance perception. Now, however, the emerging technology of virtual acoustics is promoting considerable interest in the topic. Virtual acoustic displays have considerable promise as interfaces between humans and computers in which "virtual" or "spatialized" sound is used to represent real and virtual environments and abstract data structures

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Section: Virtual Acoustic Displaysmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Dynamic Distance Cuesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Dynamic Distance Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perceptually Guided Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing auditory distance perception using perceptually directed action

Loomis

Klatzky

Philbeck

et al. 1998

Perception & Psychophysics

127

125

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show abstract

“…Although we have discussed the various actions in the context of vision, they can be employed in order to investigate perception oftarget location in other sense modalities. Already two studies ofauditory distance perception have employed the auditory analogues of visually directed walking (Ashmead, Davis, & Northington, 1995;Speigle & Loomis, 1993). In addition, the present authors and their colleagues have used the present method of converging direct and indirect walking to estimate perceived location ofauditory sources (Loomis, Klatzky, Philbeck, & Golledge, 1997).…”

Section: R--r---r---r---r---r-'mentioning

confidence: 97%

Visually perceived location is an invariant in the control of action

Philbeck

Loomis

Beall

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

132

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Weprovide experimental evidence that perceived location is an invariant in the control of action, by showing that different actions are directed toward a single visually specified location in space (corresponding to the putative perceived location) and that this single location, although specified by a fixed physical target, varies with the availability of information about the distance of that target. Observers in two conditions varying in the availability of egocentric distance cues viewed targets at 1.5, 3.1, or 6.0 m and then attempted to walk to the target with eyes closed using one ofthree paths; the path was not specified until after vision was occluded. The observers stopped at about the same location regardless of the path taken, providing evidence that action was being controlled by some invariant, ostensibly visually perceived location. That it was indeed perceived location was indicated by the manipulation of information about target distance-the trajectories in the full-cues condition converged near the physical target locations, whereas those in the reduced-cues condition converged at locations consistent with the usual perceptual errors found when distance cues are impoverished.

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Implementing Walking in Virtual Environments

Bruder

Steinicke

2013

Human Walking in Virtual Environments

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Auditory distance perception by translating observers

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

Assessing auditory distance perception using perceptually directed action

Assessing auditory distance perception using perceptually directed action

Visually perceived location is an invariant in the control of action

Implementing Walking in Virtual Environments

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