Auditory differential conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response: V. Stimulus generalization as a function of the position of CS+ and CS on the frequency dimension

Hupka, Ralph B.; Liu, Shirley S.; Moore, John W.

doi:10.3758/bf03336238

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The present results of Group I + F indicated that, at least with the frequency and the intensity dimensions of tones, both dimensions exhibited some degree of stimulus control in a test following differential training with stimuli varying simultaneously along these two dimensions. Hupka, Liu, and Moore (1969) suggested that one important difference between the rabbit and human in differential conditioning was a comparatively weaker inhibitory process in the rabbit. The present results confirmed the previous notion by showing (a) no significant difference in responding to CS+ during training between Group Ci and various differential groups, and (6) no peak shift in Group T-T during test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential conditioning and stimulus generalization of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.

Liu¹

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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The nature of stimulus control acquired through various types of differential classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response was investigated. The principal findings were (a) intra-and interdimensional differential training resulted in sharper stimulus control than did singlestimulus training; (6) nondifferential training with two CSs led to a generalization gradient with the peak being displaced from CS+ to one of the test stimuli lying between the two CSs; and (c) differential training with stimuli varying simultaneously along the audio-frequency and intensity dimensions resulted in two reliable generalization gradients, one for each dimension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential conditioning and stimulus generalization of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.

Liu¹

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…Another important phenomenon in rabbit EBCC that has been observed in other species and behavioral paradigms is generalization – responding to stimuli similar to the stimulus used during EBCC ( 106 – 108 ). CRM by its very nature is generalization along the intensity dimension of the US for both electrical stimulation and air puff ( 39 ).…”

Section: Conditioning-specific Reflex Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyeblink classical conditioning and post-traumatic stress disorder – a model systems approach

Schreurs

Burhans

2015

Front. Psychiatry

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Not everyone exposed to trauma suffers flashbacks, bad dreams, numbing, fear, anxiety, sleeplessness, hyper-vigilance, hyperarousal, or an inability to cope, but those who do may suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a major physical and mental health problem for military personnel and civilians exposed to trauma. There is still debate about the incidence and prevalence of PTSD especially among the military, but for those who are diagnosed, behavioral therapy and drug treatment strategies have proven to be less than effective. A number of these treatment strategies are based on rodent fear conditioning research and are capable of treating only some of the symptoms because the extinction of fear does not deal with the various forms of hyper-vigilance and hyperarousal experienced by people with PTSD. To help address this problem, we have developed a preclinical eyeblink classical conditioning model of PTSD in which conditioning and hyperarousal can both be extinguished. We review this model and discuss findings showing that unpaired stimulus presentations can be effective in reducing levels of conditioning and hyperarousal even when unconditioned stimulus intensity is reduced to the point where it is barely capable of eliciting a response. These procedures have direct implications for the treatment of PTSD and could be implemented in a virtual reality environment.

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“…Both Spence's and Blough's theories of dimensional stimulus control predict peak shift after such training. Nevertheless, in the few studies exploring peak shift following classical conditioning, reliable peak shift has been obtained only when S+ was a higher frequency tone than S- (Hupka, Liu, & Moore, 1969;Liu, 1971;Moore, 1972). These results suggest that peak shift is not a robust phenomenon for elicited behavior.…”

Section: Stimulus-generalization Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Peak Shift and Behavioral Contrast for Autoshaped and Operant Behavior

Bushnell

Weiss

1980

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Instrumental treadle press and nonreinforced key peck responses were monitored during discrimination training and generalization testing in pigeons on positive and negative reinforcement schedules. In Experiment 1, six pigeons pressed a treadle for food on a multiple variable-interval extinction schedule. In Experiment 2, three pigeons pressed a treadle to avoid shock on a multiple free-operant avoidance extinction schedule. Different color keylights signaled S+ and S- components. Some positive behavioral contrast occurred during discrimination training, but the effect was small. Pecking occurred to the S+ keylight in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. On stimulus generalization tests, all subjects displayed a positive peak shift when pressing the treadle for food or to avoid shock. However, peak shift was not found for nonreinforced "autopecks" on the stimulus key, although an area shift was observed in Experiment 1. This is the first demonstration of peak shift for pigeons pressing treadles and the only reliable demonstration of peak shift when negative reinforcement maintained responding. These results, in combination with previous demonstrations of peak shift for rats pressing levers and pigeons pecking keys, indicate that peak shift is a general by-product of operant discrimination learning, since it occurs across a variety of the organisms, responses, and reinforcers.

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Auditory differential conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response: V. Stimulus generalization as a function of the position of CS+ and CS on the frequency dimension

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Differential conditioning and stimulus generalization of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.

Differential conditioning and stimulus generalization of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.

Eyeblink classical conditioning and post-traumatic stress disorder – a model systems approach

An Investigation of Peak Shift and Behavioral Contrast for Autoshaped and Operant Behavior

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