“…Importantly, the first whole-brain pattern shows fronto-temporal areas that have repeatedly been found in studies of co-speech gesture perception, such as left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus (Dick et al, 2012;Green et al, 2009;Holle et al, 2008Holle et al, , 2010Willems et al, 2007Willems et al, , 2009). In addition, these areas are associated with semantic processes, such as word retrieval (left inferior frontal gyrus: Amunts et al, 2004;de Zubicaray & McMahon, 2009;Thompson-Schill et al, 1999;Tremblay & Gracco, 2006; superior temporal gyrus: Graves et al, 2010;Heath et al, 2012;Khader et al, 2010). This significant overlap of speech and co-speech gesture production is in line with the theoretical frameworks of co-speech gestures that posit that speech determines or initiates co-speech gestures, i.e., that co-speech gesture production is mainly driven by the language network (Hostetter & Alibali, 2008;Kita & Özyürek, 2003;McNeill, 1992McNeill, , 2005.…”