Auditory Brainstem Evoked Potentials in Blast Injury

Pratt, Hillel; Goldsher, Moshe; Netzer, Aviram; R, Shenhav

doi:10.3109/00206098509070114

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The inner hair cells were damaged to a lesser extent (Hamernik et al, 1984). Regarding the possible effects of the blast on the ascending auditory pathways, Pratt et al (1985) did not detect any central effects of blast by using brain stem audiometry to assess 37 human blast survivors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Patterns of hearing loss in non-explosive blast injury of the ear

et al. 1997

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A prospective study of hearing loss in 120 cases with non-explosive blast injury of the ear, gathered over a six-year period, is presented. Thirty-three (27.5 per cent) patients had normal hearing, 57 (47.5 per cent) conductive hearing loss, 29 (24.2 per cent) mixed loss and one (0.8 per cent) had pure sensorineural loss. The severity of conductive hearing loss correlated with the size of the eardrum perforation; only a marginal difference was found between water and air pressure injuries, with respect to this type of hearing loss. Of all locations, perforations involving the posterior-inferior quadrant of the eardrum were associated with the largest air-bone gap. Audiometric assessment revealed that none of the patients suffered ossicular chain damage. Three patterns of sensorineural hearing loss were identified: a dip at a single frequency, two separate dips, and abnormality of bone conduction in several adjacent high frequencies. Involvement of several frequencies was associated with a more severe hearing loss than a dip in a single frequency. Healing of the perforation was always accompanied by closure of the air-bone gap, while the recovery of the sensorineural hearing loss was less favourable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Patterns of hearing loss in non-explosive blast injury of the ear

et al. 1997

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“…bTBI manifests in diverse neuropathology and neurobehavioral abnormalities that can be easily confused with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other neuropsychiatric deficits, and it has been referred as ''signature injury'' of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars (Bhattacharjee, 2008;Cernak, 2010;Elder et al, 2010;Elder and Cristian, 2009;Fabrizio and Keltner, 2010;Hoge et al, 2008;Jones et al, 2007;Kennedy et al, 2010;Kocsis and Tessler, 2009;Ling et al, 2009;Ling and Ecklund, 2011;Okie, 2005;Risdall and Menon, 2011;Ritenour and Baskin, 2008;Snell and Halter, 2010;Terrio et al, 2009;Warden, 2006;Wilk et al, 2010;Xydakis et al, 2008). Biomechanistically, bTBIs are more complex than other forms of TBI, with multiple mechanisms of injury including direct shockwave transmission through the skull, nose, eye, and ear; transmission of pressure transient from torso to brain; and more diverse neuropathologies (Cernak and Noble-Haeusslein, 2010;Cernak et al, 2011;Chavko et al, 2011;Courtney, 2009, 2011;Cripps et al, 1999;Fausti et al, 2009;Garth, 1994;Khil'ko et al, 1997;Leonardi et al, 2011a;Lew et al, 2009;Nakagawa et al, 2011;Pratt et al, 1985;Roberto et al, 1989;Saljo et al, 2008). Closed-head injuries with loss of consciousness; polytrauma; higher incidence of vasospasm; and visual, auditory, and vestibular deficits and pain are distinct characteristics of bTBI (Armonda et al, 2006;Bauman et al, 2009;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tightly Coupled Repetitive Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: Development and Characterization in Mice

Wang

Wei

Oguntayo

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurotrauma

107

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A mouse model of repeated blast exposure was developed using a compressed air-driven shock tube, to study the increase in severity of traumatic brain injury (bTBI) after multiple blast exposures. Isoflurane anesthetized C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 13.9, 20.6, and 25 psi single blast overpressure (BOP1) and allowed to recover for 5 days. BOP1 at 20.6 psi showed a mortality rate of 2% and this pressure was used for three repeated blast exposures (BOP3) with 1 and 30 min intervals. Overall mortality rate in BOP3 was increased to 20%. After blast exposure, righting reflex time and body-weight loss were significantly higher in BOP3 animals compared to BOP1 animals. At 4 h, brain edema was significantly increased in BOP3 animals compared to sham controls. Reactive oxygen species in the cortex were increased significantly in BOP1 and BOP3 animals. Neuropathological analysis of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex showed dense silver precipitates in BOP3 animals, indicating the presence of diffuse axonal injury. Fluoro-Jade B staining showed increased intensity in the cortex of BOP3 animals indicating neurodegeneration. Rota Rod behavioral test showed a significant decrease in performance at 10 rpm following BOP1 or BOP3 at 2 h post-blast, which gradually recovered during the 5 days. At 20 rpm, the latency to fall was significantly decreased in both BOP1 and BOP3 animals and it did not recover in the majority of the animals through 5 days of testing. These data suggest that repeated blast exposures lead to increased impairment severity in multiple neurological parameters of TBI in mice.

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“…[2][3][4] The temporary component may last for hours to days; the exact time varies between patients and different studies. Pratt et al 12 attempted to differentiate between the 2 components using auditory brainstem evoked potentials in patients who had been exposed to a blast. Since our audiograms were obtained soon after the explosion, an important issue is to assess the role of the temporary threshold shift in our findings.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Audiometric Configurations Following Exposure to Explosions

Perez¹,

Gatt²,

Cohen³

2000

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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There does not appear to be a single typical audiometric configuration in patients exposed to explosions. The slope and dip configurations are most frequently seen and are approximately equal in their incidence. This observation may lead to better understanding damage to the inner ear as a result of an explosion. This study is distinctive because of the large number of audiograms obtained and the fact that most of them were obtained immediately after the explosion.

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Auditory Brainstem Evoked Potentials in Blast Injury

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Patterns of hearing loss in non-explosive blast injury of the ear

Patterns of hearing loss in non-explosive blast injury of the ear

Tightly Coupled Repetitive Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: Development and Characterization in Mice

Audiometric Configurations Following Exposure to Explosions

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