Audiovisual Temporal Processing and Synchrony Perception in the Rat

Schormans, Ashley L.; Scott, Kaela; Vo, Albert M. Q.; Tyker, Anna; Typlt, Marei; Stolzberg, Daniel; Allman, Brian L.

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00246

Cited by 23 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Psychophysical studies show strikingly similar results and benefits under multisensory conditions in humans, non‐human primates, cats, rats, and mice using comparable behavioral tasks (Table 1) [Carandini & Churchland, 2013; Raposo et al, 2012; Raposo et al, 2014; Schormans, Scott, et al, 2017; Sheppard et al, 2013; Siemann et al, 2015; Stevenson, Ghose, Fister, et al, 2014]. These studies demonstrate the potential utility of rodent models for studying multisensory function and provide evidence that these behavioral results could be compared across species, but a number of questions remain.…”

Section: A Translational Bridge: From Human Clinical Findings To Rodementioning

confidence: 93%

“…V2L : [Hirokawa et al, 2008; Schormans et al, 2017; Schormans & Allman, 2019; Schormans, Typlt, & Allman, 2017]…”

Section: The Neurobiology Of Multisensory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SJ and TOJ tasks : [Schormans & Allman, 2018; Schormans, Scott, et al, 2017; Schormans, Typlt, & Allman, 2017]…”

Section: The Neurobiology Of Multisensory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the awake, behaving rat, Hirokawa and colleagues used pharmacology to transiently disrupt and identify a border region between the primary visual and auditory cortices, known as the lateral part of V2 or V2L, that is critical for audiovisual processing in rats [Hirokawa et al, 2008]. Allman and colleagues recently investigated the role of V2L in multisensory temporal processing [Schormans & Allman, 2018; Schormans, Scott, et al, 2017]. Remarkably, rats are capable of performing classic psychophysical simultaneity judgment (SJ) and temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks [Schormans, Scott, et al, 2017], generating TBWs that appear to be similar to those found in the human population [Wallace & Stevenson, 2014].…”

Section: Multisensory Studies In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allman and colleagues recently investigated the role of V2L in multisensory temporal processing [Schormans & Allman, 2018; Schormans, Scott, et al, 2017]. Remarkably, rats are capable of performing classic psychophysical simultaneity judgment (SJ) and temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks [Schormans, Scott, et al, 2017], generating TBWs that appear to be similar to those found in the human population [Wallace & Stevenson, 2014]. Interestingly, studies in the mouse have also shown anatomical connections between primary auditory cortex (A1) and V2L, as well as primary visual cortex (V1) and V2L [Charbonneau, Laramee, Boucher, Bronchti, & Boire, 2012; Laramee, Kurotani, Rockland, Bronchti, & Boire, 2011], suggesting that V2L may be a multisensory structure conserved across rodent species.…”

Section: Multisensory Studies In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020

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Abnormal sensory responses are a DSM‐5 symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and research findings demonstrate altered sensory processing in ASD. Beyond difficulties with processing information within single sensory domains, including both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, difficulties in multisensory processing are becoming a core issue of focus in ASD. These difficulties may be targeted by treatment approaches such as “sensory integration,” which is frequently applied in autism treatment but not yet based on clear evidence. Recently, psychophysical data have emerged to demonstrate multisensory deficits in some children with ASD. Unlike deficits in social communication, which are best understood in humans, sensory and multisensory changes offer a tractable marker of circuit dysfunction that is more easily translated into animal model systems to probe the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Paralleling experimental paradigms that were previously applied in humans and larger mammals, we and others have demonstrated that multisensory function can also be examined behaviorally in rodents. Here, we review the sensory and multisensory difficulties commonly found in ASD, examining laboratory findings that relate these findings across species. Next, we discuss the known neurobiology of multisensory integration, drawing largely on experimental work in larger mammals, and extensions of these paradigms into rodents. Finally, we describe emerging investigations into multisensory processing in genetic mouse models related to autism risk. By detailing findings from humans to mice, we highlight the advantage of multisensory paradigms that can be easily translated across species, as well as the potential for rodent experimental systems to reveal opportunities for novel treatments. Lay Summary Sensory and multisensory deficits are commonly found in ASD and may result in cascading effects that impact social communication. By using similar experiments to those in humans, we discuss how studies in animal models may allow an understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie difficulties in multisensory integration, with the ultimate goal of developing new treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1430–1449. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: A Translational Bridge: From Human Clinical Findings To Rodementioning

confidence: 93%

“…V2L : [Hirokawa et al, 2008; Schormans et al, 2017; Schormans & Allman, 2019; Schormans, Typlt, & Allman, 2017]…”

Section: The Neurobiology Of Multisensory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SJ and TOJ tasks : [Schormans & Allman, 2018; Schormans, Scott, et al, 2017; Schormans, Typlt, & Allman, 2017]…”

Section: The Neurobiology Of Multisensory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multisensory Studies In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multisensory Studies In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020

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Loss of Cntnap2 in the Rat Causes Autism‐Related Alterations in Social Interactions, Stereotypic Behavior, and Sensory Processing

et al. 2020

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction and communication impairments, as well as restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, which can coexist with intellectual disability and altered sensory processing. To study the mechanisms underlying these core features of ASD, preclinical research has developed animal models with manipulations in ASD-linked genes, such as CNTNAP2. In order to fully interpret the findings from mechanistic studies, the extent to which these models display behaviors consistent with ASD must be determined. Toward that goal, we conducted an investigation of the consequences of a functional loss of Cntnap2 on ASD-related behaviors by comparing the performance of rats with a homozygous or heterozygous knockout of Cntnap2 to their wildtype littermates across a comprehensive test battery. Cntnap2 −/− rats showed deficits in sociability and social novelty, and they displayed repetitive circling and hyperlocomotion. Moreover, Cntnap2 −/− rats demonstrated exaggerated acoustic startle responses, increased avoidance to sounds of moderate intensity, and a lack of rapid audiovisual temporal recalibration; indicating changes in sensory processing at both the pre-attentive and perceptual levels. Notably, sensory behaviors requiring learned associations did not reveal genotypic differences, whereas tasks relying on automatic/implicit behaviors did. Ultimately, because these collective alterations in social, stereotypic, and sensory behaviors are phenotypically similar to those reported in individuals with ASD, our results establish the Cntnap2 knockout rat model as an effective platform to study not only the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with ASD, but also the complex relationship between altered sensory processing and other core ASD-related behaviors.

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Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2021

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The study of sensory phenotypes has great potential for increasing research translation between species, a necessity to decipher the neural mechanisms that contribute to higher-order differences in neurological conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Over the past decade, despite separate advances in our understanding of the structural and functional differences within the brain of autistic and non-autistic individuals and in rodent models for ASD, researchers have had difficulty translating the findings in murine species to humans, mostly due to incompatibility in experimental methodologies used to screen for ASD phenotypes. Focusing on sensory phenotypes offers an avenue to close the species gap because sensory pathways are highly conserved across species and are affected by the same risk-factors as the higher-order brain areas mostly responsible for the diagnostic criteria for ASD. By first reviewing how sensory processing has been studied to date, we direct our focus to electrophysiological and behavioral techniques that can be used to study sensory phenotypes consistently across species. Using auditory sensory phenotypes as a template, we seek to improve the accessibility of translational methods by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in both rodents and humans. Specifically, evoked-potentials, acoustic startle paradigms, and psychophysical detection/discrimination paradigms can be created and implemented in a coordinated and systematic fashion across species. Through careful protocol design and collaboration, sensory processing phenotypes can be harnessed to bridge the gap that exists between preclinical animal studies and human testing, so that mutually held questions in autism research can be answered.Lay Summary: It has always been difficult to relate results from animal research to humans. We try to close this gap by studying changes in sensory processing using careful protocol design and collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Sensory pathways are comparable between animals and humans, and are affected in the same way as the rest of the brain in ASD. Using changes in hearing as a template, we point the field in an innovative direction by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in rodents and humans.

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Audiovisual Temporal Processing and Synchrony Perception in the Rat

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Loss of Cntnap2 in the Rat Causes Autism‐Related Alterations in Social Interactions, Stereotypic Behavior, and Sensory Processing

Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder

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