Audio recall immediately following video change in television news

Defecting From the Gutenberg Legacy: Employing Images to Test Knowledge Gaps

“…At the same time, comprehension of the story does not necessarily assure memory of factual details contained in it (Graber, 1988). Yet, correlations between memory and comprehension are often reported (Basil, 1994;Edwardson, Kent, Engstrom, & Hofmann, 1992;Findahl & Höijer, 1985) and high education groups have been shown to verbally recount and comprehend material from text-based media at higher rates than low education groups (Grabe et al, 2009;Yang & Grabe, 2011). Given existing evidence-and in line with the preceding hypothesis for recognition memory-it is expected that the knowledge gap will persist in verbal comprehension test scores, such that people with higher levels of education will outscore those with lower levels of education (H2).…”

The Influence of Television News Depictions of the Images of War on Viewers

“…As Kepplinger (1991) concludes: ''As a rule, news films are better remembered than news items that are only spoken about,'' although he concedes that ''the influence of visualization on retention is not very great' ' (p. 183). Research indicates that, once information is encoded and stored, visual information overtakes verbal representations in subsequent retrieval, resulting in greater recall of visual content (Brosius, 1993;David, 1998;Edwardson, Kent, Engstrom, & Hofmann, 1992;Graber, 1990;Gunter, 1987;Lang et al, 1996;Newhagen, 1998;Reese, 1984;Son, Reese & Davie, 1987). Lang and colleagues (1995) explain that arousal impacts message retention.…”

Research in Brief

“…In line with Schaap, Renckstorf and Wester (1998; see also Dahlgren, 1986) we would like to add that the measurement is also limited to the (often male) researchers' estimation of what the (also often male) journalists responsible for the items would consider to be 'the gist' of the message. Besides, with a few exceptions (e.g., Edwardson, Kent, Engstrom & Hofmann, 1992;Findahl, 1981;Slattery & Tiedge, 1992) additional outcomes of the reception process (for instance, 'evaluation', 'liking', 'perceived credibility' of the news stories) remain largely unstudied. Besides, with a few exceptions (e.g., Edwardson, Kent, Engstrom & Hofmann, 1992;Findahl, 1981;Slattery & Tiedge, 1992) additional outcomes of the reception process (for instance, 'evaluation', 'liking', 'perceived credibility' of the news stories) remain largely unstudied.…”