Audible Television and Decreased Adult Words, Infant Vocalizations, and Conversational Turns

Christakis, Dimitri A.; Gilkerson, Jill; Richards, Jeffrey A.; Zimmerman, Frederick J.; Garrison, Michelle M.; Xu, Dongxin; Gray, Sharmistha; Yapanel, Ümit

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.61

Cited by 295 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…All three underserved groups discussed television, with mixed views. The evidence (particularly about different types of programmes 244 and the effect for different families and children [245][246][247] ) is unclear regarding the impact of television. This therefore merits further investigation so that appropriate advice is given to families, particularly in homes where the adults are not proficient in English and where the effect of watching television may be differential.…”

Section: Low Socioeconomic Status Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based intervention for preschool children with primary speech and language impairments: Child Talk – an exploratory mixed-methods study

Roulstone

Marshall

Powell³

et al. 2015

Programme Grants Appl Res

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Coad J, et al. Evidence-based intervention for preschool children with primary speech and language impairments: Child Talkan exploratory mixed-methods study. Programme Grants Appl Res 2015;3(5). Programme Grants for Applied ResearchISSN 2050-4322 (Print) ISSN 2050-4330 (Online) This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (www.publicationethics.org/).Editorial contact: nihredit@southampton.ac.ukThe full PGfAR archive is freely available to view online at www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/pgfar. Print-on-demand copies can be purchased from the report pages of the NIHR Journals Library website: www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk Criteria for inclusion in the Programme Grants for Applied Research journalReports are published in Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) if (1) they have resulted from work for the PGfAR programme, and (2) they are of a sufficiently high scientific quality as assessed by the reviewers and editors. Programme Grants for Applied Research programmeThe Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) programme, part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 2006 to produce independent research findings that will have practical application for the benefit of patients and the NHS in the relatively near future. The Programme is managed by the NIHR Central Commissioning Facility (CCF) with strategic input from the Programme Director.The programme is a national response mode funding scheme that aims to provide evidence to improve health outcomes in England through promotion of health, prevention of ill health, and optimal disease management (including safety and quality), with particular emphasis on conditions causing significant disease burden.For more information about the PGfAR programme please visit the website: http://www.nihr.ac.uk/funding/programme-grants-forapplied-research.htm This reportThe research reported in this issue of the journal was funded by PGfAR as project number RP-PG-0109-10073. The contractual start date was in January 2011. The final report began editorial review in April 2014 and was accepted for publication in October 2014. As the funder, the PGfAR programme agreed the research questions and study designs in advance with the investigators. The authors have been wholly responsible for all data collection, analysis and interpretation, and for writing up their work. The PGfAR editors and production house have tried to ensure the accuracy of the authors' report and would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments on the final report document. However, they do not accept liability for damages or losses arising from material published in this report.This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, CCF, NETSCC, PGfAR or the Department of Health. If there are verbatim quotation...

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Section: Low Socioeconomic Status Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based intervention for preschool children with primary speech and language impairments: Child Talk – an exploratory mixed-methods study

Roulstone

Marshall

Powell³

et al. 2015

Programme Grants Appl Res

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“…No research exists at this point to know whether a child would find better things to do with his or her time if all screens were turned off, although evidence suggests that the child would hear more adult speech and talk more. 6 Heavy media use is defined as the television being on always or most of the time. Heavy media use may be a sign of parenting style, so one cannot assume that parents will spend developmentally nurturing time with their child with the television off.…”

Section: A Good Use Of Time?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, it seems that audible television is associated with decreased parent-child interactions. 6 Although a leading survey of family media use has reported that 40% of parents watch with their child all the time and 28% watch with their child most of the time, parents also report that they avoid co-viewing because their child's media time provides an opportunity for them to do other things. 3 Although there is equal access to media among children of different socioeconomic groups, the amount of media consumption is unequal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years

Brown¹,

Mulligan²,

Altmann³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

322

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In 1999, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued a policy statement addressing media use in children. The purpose of that statement was to educate parents about the effects that media—both the amount and the content—may have on children. In one part of that statement, the AAP recommended that “pediatricians should urge parents to avoid television viewing for children under the age of two years.” The wording of the policy specifically discouraged media use in this age group, although it is frequently misquoted by media outlets as no media exposure in this age group. The AAP believed that there were significantly more potential negative effects of media than positive ones for this age group and, thus, advised families to thoughtfully consider media use for infants. This policy statement reaffirms the 1999 statement with respect to media use in infants and children younger than 2 years and provides updated research findings to support it. This statement addresses (1) the lack of evidence supporting educational or developmental benefits for media use by children younger than 2 years, (2) the potential adverse health and developmental effects of media use by children younger than 2 years, and (3) adverse effects of parental media use (background media) on children younger than 2 years.

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“…98 There have been no studies to indicate that screen time contributes positively to infant development, 99,100 and there are now 7 studies that have documented possible language delays among children younger than 2 years who are exposed to television or videos. [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] 4. Pediatricians and other child health professionals should ensure that only nonviolent media choices be provided to patients in outpatient waiting rooms and inpatient settings.…”

Section: Aap Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Violence

Fuld¹,

Mulligan²,

Altmann³

et al. 2009

Pediatrics

141

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Exposure to violence in media, including television, movies, music, and video games, represents a significant risk to the health of children and adolescents. Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. Pediatricians should assess their patients' level of media exposure and intervene on mediarelated health risks. Pediatricians and other child health care providers can advocate for a safer media environment for children by encouraging media literacy, more thoughtful and proactive use of media by children and their parents, more responsible portrayal of violence by media producers, and more useful and effective media ratings. Office counseling has been shown to be effective. Pediatrics 2009;124: 1495-1503 INTRODUCTIONAlthough shootings in schools around the world periodically prompt politicians and the general public to focus their attention on the influence of media violence, the medical community has been concerned with this issue since the 1950s. 1-3 The evidence is now clear and convincing: media violence is 1 of the causal factors of real-life violence and aggression. Therefore, pediatricians and parents need to take action. 4 In 1972, the US Surgeon General issued a special report on the public health effects of media violence that was based on a growing and nearly unanimous body of evidence. 5 Ten years later, the National Institute of Mental Health issued a comprehensive review of the research on media violence and its effects, which outlined concerns about children's psychological health. 6 At a Congressional public health summit in July 2000, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) was joined by the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the American Psychological Association in issuing an unprecedented joint statement on the impact of entertainment violence on children. 7 Also in 2000, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released a report on shootings in schools that stated that media violence is a risk factor. 8 In 2003, a panel of media-violence experts convened by the National Institute of Mental Health, at the request of the US Surgeon General, published its comprehensive report on the effects of media violence on youth, which revealed media violence to be a significant causal factor in aggression and violence. 9 Most recently, in 2007, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released its report on violent television programming and its effects on children and agreed with the Surgeon General that there is "strong evidence" that exposure to media violence can increase aggressive behavior in

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Audible Television and Decreased Adult Words, Infant Vocalizations, and Conversational Turns

Abstract: To test the hypothesis that audible television is associated with decreased parent and child interactions.

Cited by 295 publications

References 17 publications

Evidence-based intervention for preschool children with primary speech and language impairments: Child Talk – an exploratory mixed-methods study

Evidence-based intervention for preschool children with primary speech and language impairments: Child Talk – an exploratory mixed-methods study

Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years

Media Violence

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