Negative
thermal expansion (NTE), violating the common sense of
“thermal expansion and cold contraction” effects, is
a novel temperature-responding behavior of great scientific and technical
significance. Herein, we report a two-dimensional (2D) NTE behavior
in a crystal of LiBO2, which is constructed by graphite-like
[LiBO2]∞ layers. This intriguing thermal
property originates from the synergistic effect of the distortion
of in-plane [LiO3] bases in [LiO4] tetrahedra
and the rotation of [BO3] triangles in the [LiBO2]∞ layer, driven by the force perpendicular to
the layer owing to the large interlayer separation as temperature
increases. Remarkably, the in-plane and out-of-plane Li–O bonds
within the [LiO4] tetrahedra have nearly the same bond
strength and exhibit the similar variation with respect to temperature,
and this is quite different from the common sense on the 2D NTE behavior
in layered structures that the intralayer atomic interaction must
be much stronger than the interlayer ones. Our study deepens the understanding
of the 2D NTE mechanism and would promote the exploration for NTE
materials.