Au, Pd and maghemite nanofunctionalized hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone regeneration

Abstract

Nanotechnology plays a key role in the development of innovative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) allowing the incorporation of nanomaterials able to improve cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, Mg-HA-Coll type I scaffolds (Mg-HA-based scaffolds) were nanofunctionalized with gold nanorods (Au NRs), palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) and maghemite nanoparticles (MAG NPs). Nanofunctionalized Mg-HA-based scaffolds (NF-HA-Ss) were tested for their ability to promote both the proliferation and the differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). Results clearly highlight that MAG nanofunctionalization substantially improves cell proliferation up to 70% compared with the control (Mg-HA-based scaffold), whereas both Au NRs and Pd NPs nanofunctionalization induce a cell growth inhibition of 94% and 89%, respectively. Similar evidences were found for the osteoinductive properties showing relevant calcium deposits (25% higher than the control) for MAG nanofunctionalization, while a decreasing of cell differentiation (20% lower than the control) for both Au NRs and Pd NPs derivatization. These results are in agreement with previous studies that found cytotoxic effects for both Pd NPs and Au NRs. The excellent improvement of both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of the MAG NF-HA-S could be attributed to the high intrinsic magnetic field of superparamagnetic MAG NPs. These findings may pave the way for the development of innovative nanostructured scaffolds for BTE.

Antimicrobial Effect and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Mg-Doped Hydroxyapatite Functionalized with Au-Nano Rods

“…The AuNRs were synthetized according to the process described by Calabrese et al [ 24 ] and are schemed in Figure 1 A. The structural features of the AuNRs, prior to the surface functionalization of the MgHA scaffold, were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.…”

“…The AuNR_MgHA scaffold was obtained by a synthetic process reported in [ 24 ]. AuNRs were prepared via a chemical reduction strategy, by using CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) as a surfactant agent.…”

Magnetic Nanostructures as Emerging Therapeutic Tools to Boost Anti-Tumour Immunity

“…These clusters may also have a different arrangement, being, for instance, chain-like assemblies or 2D-clusters, which have peculiar magnetic features in MHT, MRI, and MPI. A wide range of methods have been reported for the preparation of high-quality MNPs, including wet chemical techniques (co-precipitation, solvothermal, thermal decomposition, sol-gel synthesis, microemulsion, and chemical redox), physical processes (gas-phase deposition and electron beam lithography), and bacterial and microorganismbased synthesis (Figure 2) [35][36][37]. Among these methods, co-precipitation, solvothermal, and thermal decomposition are the most commonly employed manufacturing processes.…”

Metallic Nanoscaffolds as Osteogenic Promoters: Advances, Challenges and Scope

“…Calabrese et al (2020) reported that multi-metal nanoparticle-functionalized hydroxyapatite scaffolds could improve bone regeneration [68]. The cylindrical magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) scaffolds 8 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height were composed of a bilayer structure where the upper layer (3 mm in depth) was made of equine type I collagen (Coll) that was deposited on a second layer (2 mm depth) comprised of a mineralized blend of type I Coll (30%) and 70% of Mg-HA.…”