“…The rapid development of industry and economy is accompanied by a sharp increase in energy demand, and the limited range of traditional fossil fuels and excessive consumption lead to environmental degradation. − Solar energy, as the most abundant renewable energy source, has always been a focus of research interest . In addition, hydrogen energy, with its high energy density (282 kJ mol –1 ), recyclability, and environmentally friendly byproducts of combustion, is considered as one of the best alternatives to fossil fuels. , The traditional methods of hydrogen production mainly include electrolysis of water − and fossil fuel hydrogenation .…”