“…As among the most produced engineered nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles (NPs) were extensively used in various traditional industrial manufacturing products including plastics, rubbers, ceramics, pigments, coatings, and cosmetics. − Recently, due to their high surface area and better biodegradability, silica NPs were applied in many biomedical fields, for example, diagnosis, − bone regeneration scaffolds, , drug delivery carriers, , and cancer therapies. − With increasing industrial production and applications, the exposure of silica NPs gradually increases via dietary intake, skin contact, respiration, and systematic administration . Recently, studies demonstrated that the exposure of silica NPs could cause significant in vitro , and in vivo toxicities. , …”