Abstract:Pollen plays an essential role in plant fertility by delivering the male gametes to the embryo sac before double fertilization. In several plant species, including Arabidopsis, C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factors (TFs) have been involved in different stages of pollen development and maturation. ZINC FINGER of Arabidopsis thaliana 4 (AtZAT4) is homologous to such TFs and subcellular localization analysis has revealed that AtZAT4 is located in the nucleus. Moreover, analysis of AtZAT4 expression revealed… Show more
“…The suppression of BcMF20 expression resulted in the malformation of the pollen wall and finally caused pollen deformity and reduced germination rates [ 143 ]. AtZAT4 encodes a C 2 H 2 ZFP in Arabidopsis, and its T-DNA insertion mutant exhibited decreased silique length, seed setting, and pollen germination rates [ 144 ]. DAZ1 and DAZ2 are male germine-specific nuclear C 2 H 2 -type ZFPs.…”
Section: Roles Of Tfs In Male Gametophyte Developmentmentioning
Male gametophyte development in plants relies on the functions of numerous genes, whose expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs), non-coding RNAs, hormones, and diverse environmental stresses. Several excellent reviews are available that address the genes and enzymes associated with male gametophyte development, especially pollen wall formation. Growing evidence from genetic studies, transcriptome analysis, and gene-by-gene studies suggests that TFs coordinate with epigenetic machinery to regulate the expression of these genes and enzymes for the sequential male gametophyte development. However, very little summarization has been performed to comprehensively review their intricate regulatory roles and discuss their downstream targets and upstream regulators in this unique process. In the present review, we highlight the research progress on the regulatory roles of TF families in the male gametophyte development of flowering plants. The transcriptional regulation, epigenetic control, and other regulators of TFs involved in male gametophyte development are also addressed.
“…The suppression of BcMF20 expression resulted in the malformation of the pollen wall and finally caused pollen deformity and reduced germination rates [ 143 ]. AtZAT4 encodes a C 2 H 2 ZFP in Arabidopsis, and its T-DNA insertion mutant exhibited decreased silique length, seed setting, and pollen germination rates [ 144 ]. DAZ1 and DAZ2 are male germine-specific nuclear C 2 H 2 -type ZFPs.…”
Section: Roles Of Tfs In Male Gametophyte Developmentmentioning
Male gametophyte development in plants relies on the functions of numerous genes, whose expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs), non-coding RNAs, hormones, and diverse environmental stresses. Several excellent reviews are available that address the genes and enzymes associated with male gametophyte development, especially pollen wall formation. Growing evidence from genetic studies, transcriptome analysis, and gene-by-gene studies suggests that TFs coordinate with epigenetic machinery to regulate the expression of these genes and enzymes for the sequential male gametophyte development. However, very little summarization has been performed to comprehensively review their intricate regulatory roles and discuss their downstream targets and upstream regulators in this unique process. In the present review, we highlight the research progress on the regulatory roles of TF families in the male gametophyte development of flowering plants. The transcriptional regulation, epigenetic control, and other regulators of TFs involved in male gametophyte development are also addressed.
“…In Chile, the team of Simón Ruiz‐Lara (see Table 1) at the Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN‐SAP), in Santiago, and at the University of Talca have characterized in Arabidopsis the role of a C 2 H 2 ‐type zinc‐finger transcription factor called AtZAT4 ( At2g45120 ), which was suspected to operate similar to DUO POLLEN 1‐ACTIVATED ZINC FINGER 1/2 (Puentes‐Romero et al., 2022). Alexander staining of pollen from the Atzat4 (+/−) line did not reveal any viability defects; however, in vitro germination showed reduced germination and short tubes when compared with the wild type.…”
Food production and food security depend on the ability of crops to cope with anthropogenic climate change and successfully produce seed. To guarantee food production well into the future, contemporary plant scientists in Latin America must carry out research on how plants respond to environmental stressors such as temperature, drought, and salinity. This review shows the opportunities to apply these results locally and abroad and points to the gaps that still exist in terms of reproductive processes with the purpose to better link research with translational work in plant breeding and biotechnology. Suggestions are put forth to address these gaps creatively in the face of chronic low investment in science with a focus on applicability.
“…In total sixteen genes were identified (Supplementary Table 2). Out of 16 candidate genes, nine genes were involving in grain development process in which seven genes were related to seed development role (Spste.TSs11.07G209790.1 60 , Spste.TSs11.07G209800.1 61 , Spste.TSs11.07G209840.1 62 , Spste.TSs11.07G209850.1 62 , Spste.TSs11.07G209860.1 62 , Spste.TSs11.07G209910.1 63 , and Spste.TSs11.07G209920.1 63 ), one gene for seed shape (Spste.TSs11.07G209820.1 64,65 ), and two genes for seed size (Spste.TSs11.07G209790.1 60 and Spste.TSs11.07G209920.1 66 ) in plants.…”
Genomics-informed breeding of locally adapted, nutritious, albeit underutilised African crops can help mitigate food and nutrition insecurity challenges in Africa, particularly against the backdrop of climate change. However, utilisation of modern crop improvement tools including genomic selection and genome editing for many African indigenous crops is hampered by the scarcity of genetic and genomic resources. Here we report on the assembly of the genome of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa), a tuberous legume crop that is indigenous to Africa. By combining long and short read sequencing with Hi-C scaffolding, we produced a chromosome-scale assembly with an N50 of 69.5 Mbp and totalling 649 Mbp in length (77 - 81% of the estimated genome size based on flow cytometry). Using transcriptome evidence from Nanopore RNA-Seq and homology evidence from related crops, we annotated 31,614 putative protein coding genes. We further show how this resource improves anchoring of markers, genome-wide association analysis and candidate gene analyses in Africa yam bean. This genome assembly provides a valuable resource for genetic research in Africa yam bean.
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