Atypical Microorganisms in Expressed Prostatic Secretion from Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Microbiological Results from a Case-Control Study

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of both chronic prostatitis patients and normal young male adults and to determine which microorganisms are associated with the degree of intraprostatic inflammation. Methods: Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was performed to confirm Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis as well as human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Universal primer PCR technology was carried out to detect 16S bacteria rDNA, followed by cloning and sequencing of the entire 16S rDNA product. Results: The total number of bacteria and/or viruses detected by PCR assays was significantly associated with disease severity (p < 0.001). The white blood cell count and lecithin level was significantly correlated with the number of detected bacteria and/or viruses (p = 0.001 and p = 0.046, respectively). 17 bacterial isolates were identified from 14 EPS samples by 16S rDNA sequencing. Conclusions: Various microorganisms including Ureaplasma urealyticum, C. trachomatis, CMV, HPV and HSV-2 were identified in the EPS from patients with type III prostatitis. HPV infection may be associated with the degree of intraprostatic inflammation.

Detection and quantification of human herpes viruses types 4–6 in sperm samples of patients with fertility disorders and chronic inflammatory urogenital tract diseases

“…A recent study has identified CMV, among other microorganisms, in the expressed prostatic secretion from men with CPPS III. The total number of bacteria and/or viruses detected by a PCR assay was significantly associated with both disease severity and leukocyte count in expressed prostatic secretion (Xiao et al ., ). The high prevalence of CMV in men with infertility associated with chronic IUTD can be explained by viral effects on prostate and epididymal function.…”

Human Urine Is Not Sterile - Shift of Paradigm

“…diagnostics of atypical microorganisms in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome [32]. Sequencing methods do not allow (1) to differentiate between alive and dead bacteria, (2) to detect the level of bacteriuria, or (3) to determine the bacterial antibiotic susceptibility.…”

Chronic Prostatitis Affects Male Reproductive Health and Is Associated with Systemic and Local Epigenetic Inactivation of C-X-C Motif Chemokine 12 Receptor C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4

“…All patients and healthy controls underwent a comprehensive andrological work-up including blood withdrawal, a standardized 2-glass test providing first-void urine and a postprostatic massage urine, a semen analysis and assessment of symptoms using the chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) [21] . Exclusion of bacterial infection was performed by culture and molecular diagnostics, using gene amplification analysis [22,23] . Finally, 105 patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS type IIIb (mean age 42 ± 13, <10 leukocytes in expressed prostatic secretion or post prostate massage urine) and 41 healthy volunteers without any preexisting urological conditions (mean age 25 ± 3.4) were recruited in the Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Giessen, Germany.…”