Atypical developmental trajectory of local spontaneous brain activity in autism spectrum disorder

Guo, Xiaonan; Chen, Heng; Long, Zhiliang; Duan, Xujun; Zhang, Youxue; Chen, Huafu

doi:10.1038/srep39822

Cited by 49 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…As we expected, the cerebellum spontaneous activity was associated with clinical severity and functional de cits, which is in good agreement with earlier ALFF analysis (Guo, et al, 2017) and task-dependent fMRI study (Murphy, et al, 2017). Speci cally, we found that SRS cognition score T was only positively related to cerebellum vermis 4 5, which were not obtained in NCs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Altered Cerebellum Spontaneous Activity in juvenile Autism Spectrum Disorders Associated with Cognitive Functions

Li¹,

Xiu²,

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopment disorder. The cerebellum has been reported to be one of the key regions involved in ASD. However, the associations between the cerebellum and clinical traits remain unclear. MethodsHere we performed Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) analysis to detect the alterations of brain spontaneous activity in ASDs and explore the associations between spontaneous brain activity and clinical traits. ResultsCompared with normal controls, cerebellum crus 2 showed significantly weaker average ALFF values. Other regions such as left cerebellum 6, cerebellum vermis 4 5, putamen, SMA and thalamus showed increased mean ALFF values. In ASD patients with SRS total score T above 59, the mean ALFF values of cerebellum vermis 4 5 was significantly correlated with SRS total score T (r=0.175, P=0.031), SRS cognition score T (r=0.169, P=0.036) and SRS motivation score T (r=0.176, P=0.028).ConclusionsThese findings were not observed in other brain regions and in normal controls. Our study suggests a role of cerebellum in cognitive impairments in ASD and supports a mechanistic basis for the targeted treatment of ASD disorders.Trial registrationNot applicable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Altered Cerebellum Spontaneous Activity in juvenile Autism Spectrum Disorders Associated with Cognitive Functions

Li¹,

Xiu²,

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Significant reductions in GABA expression have been found using MR spectroscopy (117) as well as in postmortem brain tissue of individuals with ASD (118) (Figure 5F). The co-localized pattern of deficits in cell-migration and GABA signaling in the cortex of individuals with ASD suggests that these deficits occur early in cortical development, potentially leading to persistent E/I imbalances throughout development (119–121) and altered brain connectivity in ASD (9, 122, 123). Crucially, these types of developmental aberrancies in local brain circuits are likely to influence global circuit function especially if they occur in widely connected hubs such as the PCC (64, 108, 110).…”

Section: Neurophysiological Basis Of Dmn Dysfunction In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Default Mode Network in Autism

Padmanabhan

Lynch

Schaer

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

245

209

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction. Since its discovery as a major functional brain system, the default mode network (DMN) has been implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders, including ASD. Here we review converging multimodal evidence for DMN dysfunction in the context of specific components of social cognitive dysfunction in ASD: ‘self-referential processing’ - the ability to process social information relative to oneself and ‘theory of mind’ or ‘mentalizing’ - the ability to infer the mental states such as beliefs, intentions, and emotions of others. We show that altered functional and structural organization of the DMN, and its atypical developmental trajectory, are prominent neurobiological features of ASD. We integrate findings on atypical cytoarchitectonic organization and imbalance in excitatory-inhibitory circuits, which alter local and global brain signaling, to scrutinize putative mechanisms underlying DMN dysfunction in ASD. Our synthesis of the extant literature suggests that aberrancies in key nodes of the DMN and their dynamic functional interactions contribute to atypical integration of information about the self in relation to ‘other’, as well as impairments in the ability to flexibly attend to socially relevant stimuli. We conclude by highlighting open questions for future research.

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“…As a result of different maturation rates, the pattern of gray‐matter group differences is expected to change as a function of the age. As a final example, in an fMRI study examining RS activity in controls and individuals with ASD, Guo et al . showed that the pattern of group differences changed as a function of age in some but not all brain regions.…”

Section: Beyond Electrophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying electrophysiological markers of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia against a backdrop of normal brain development

Edgar

2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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An examination of electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic studies demonstrates how age‐related changes in brain neural function temporally constrain their use as diagnostic markers. A first example shows that, given maturational changes in the resting‐state peak alpha frequency in typically developing children but not in children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), group differences in alpha‐band activity characterize only a subset of children who have ASD. A second example, auditory encoding processes in schizophrenia, shows that the complication of normal age‐related brain changes on detecting and interpreting group differences in neural activity is not specific to children. MRI studies reporting group differences in the rate of brain maturation demonstrate that a group difference in brain maturation may be a concern for all diagnostic brain markers. Attention to brain maturation is needed whether one takes a DSM‐5 or a Research Domain Criteria approach to research. For example, although there is interest in cross‐diagnostic studies comparing brain measures in ASD and schizophrenia, such studies are difficult given that measures are obtained in one group well after and in the other much closer to the onset of symptoms. In addition, given differences in brain activity among infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, and younger and older adults, creating tasks and research designs that produce interpretable findings across the life span and yet allow for development is difficult at best. To conclude, brain imaging findings show an effect of brain maturation on diagnostic markers separate from (and potentially difficult to distinguish from) effects of disease processes. Available research with large samples already provides direction about the age range(s) when diagnostic markers are most robust and informative.

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Atypical developmental trajectory of local spontaneous brain activity in autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 49 publications

References 76 publications

Altered Cerebellum Spontaneous Activity in juvenile Autism Spectrum Disorders Associated with Cognitive Functions

Altered Cerebellum Spontaneous Activity in juvenile Autism Spectrum Disorders Associated with Cognitive Functions

The Default Mode Network in Autism

Identifying electrophysiological markers of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia against a backdrop of normal brain development

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