Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in a Series of Cats

Jungwirth, Nicole; Puff, Christina; Koster, Kenneth; Mischke, R.; Meyer, Hermann; Stark, Alexander; Thoma, B.; Zöller, Gudrun; Seehusen, Frauke; Hewicker‐Trautwein, M.; Beineke, Andreas; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang; Wohlsein, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.12.003

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Four viral strains, each corresponding to a specific specimen, have been isolated and designated as strains “Boy Biederstein”, “Rat Biederstein”, “Rat Marl” and “Boa Marl”, respectively (Table 1). In the feline CPXV outbreak in Hanover 2015 (listed in Table 2), a total of five CPXV strains could be isolated (“75/01”, “Moritz 2015/3a”, “Sammy 2015/4a”, “Leo 2015/5” and “S2216/04”) (Jungwirth et al, 2018). Homogenatization of lesions and inoculation of cell-cultures were performed as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four strains were part of our strain collections (“Compiegne 2009”, “Rat Koelle”, “Cepad 332”, and “Cepad 333”) and four strains had been isolated (strains “Rat Marl”, “Boa Marl”, “Rat Biederstein” and “Boy Biederstein”; Table 1). With regard to the feline cowpox outbreak (Jungwirth et al, 2018) a total of five CPXV strains (“75/01”, “Moritz 2015/3a”, “Sammy 2015/4a”, “Leo 2015/5” and “S2216/04”) of our collections were investigated (Table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of 14 viruses/clinical materials by sequencing the respective HA genes proved a 100% identity (Campe et al, 2009; Ninove et al, 2009; Dabrowski et al, 2013; Ducournau et al, 2013) indicating that a single CPXV strain circulating in rat breeder facilities could had been the common source. Recently an atypical manifestation of CPXV infection in 5 cats in the larger area of Hannover was described by Jungwirth et al (2018). Identical HA gene sequences were identified in four cats, and in combination with epidemiological data a hospital-acquired transmission had been assumed (Jungwirth et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently an atypical manifestation of CPXV infection in 5 cats in the larger area of Hannover was described by Jungwirth et al (2018). Identical HA gene sequences were identified in four cats, and in combination with epidemiological data a hospital-acquired transmission had been assumed (Jungwirth et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Use of Next Generation Sequencing to study two cowpox virus outbreaks

Antwerpen

Georgi

Nikolic

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Background Between 2008 and 2011 about 40 cases of human cowpox were reported from Germany and France. Infections had been acquired via close contact to infected, young pet rats. An identical and unique sequence of the hemagglutinin gene was found in various cowpox virus (CPXV) isolates pointing to a common source of infection. In a second CPXV outbreak in cats in a small animal clinic in Germany in 2015, four out of five hospitalized cats showed identical hemagglutinin sequences and thus, a hospital-acquired transmission had been assumed. Next-Generation Sequencing was performed in order to re-investigate the outbreaks, as epidemiological data could not confirm all cases. Methods Homogenates of lesion material from rats, cats and humans were cultivated in cell culture. The genomes of four virus isolates, nine CPXVs from our strain collections and from DNA of three paraffin-embedded lesion materials were determined by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). For phylogenetic analyses a MAFFT-alignment was generated. A distance matrix based on concatenated SNPs was calculated and plotted as dendrogram using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) for visualization. Results Aligning of about 200.000 nucleotides of 8 virus isolates associated with the pet rat outbreak revealed complete identity of six genomes, the remainder two genomes differed in as little as 3 SNPs. When comparing this dataset with four already published CPXV genomes also associated with the pet rat outbreak, again a maximum difference of 3 SNPs was found. The outbreak which lasted from 2008 till 2011 was indeed caused by a single strain which has maintained an extremely high level of clonality over 4 years. Aligning genomic sequences from four cases of feline cowpox revealed 3 identical sequences and one sequence which differed in 65 nucleotides. Although identical hemagglutinin sequences had been obtained from four hospitalized cats, genomic sequencing proved that a hospital-acquired transmission had occurred in only three cats. Conclusion Analyzing the rather short sequence of the hemagglutinin gene is not sufficient to conduct molecular trace back analyses. Instead, whole genome sequencing is the method of choice which can even be applied to paraffin-embedded specimens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Use of Next Generation Sequencing to study two cowpox virus outbreaks

Antwerpen

Georgi

Nikolic

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…Although natural infection with variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, was eliminated in 1980 as a result of mass vaccination campaigns, followed by surveillance and vaccine containment approaches, [1] the possible regeneration of extinct viruses through synthetic biology, as with horsepox virus (HPXV), renews concerns regarding bioterrorism potential. In addition, orthopoxviruses (OPXV) such as monkeypox (MPXV), vaccinia (VACV), and cowpox (CPXV) remain global emerging zoonotic infectious diseases [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Historically, smallpox-and presumably other OPXV outbreaks-were mitigated by high levels of smallpox vaccination coverage stemming from the eradication program [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMVAMUNE® and ACAM2000® Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model

et al. 2020

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The protection provided by smallpox vaccines when used after exposure to Orthopoxviruses is poorly understood. Postexposu re administration of 1st generation smallpox vaccines was effective during eradication. However, historical epidemiological reports and animal studies on postexposure vaccination are difficult to extrapolate to today’s populations, and 2nd and 3rd generation vaccines, developed after eradication, have not been widely tested in postexposure vaccination scenarios. In addition to concerns about preparedness for a potential malevolent reintroduction of variola virus, humans are becoming increasingly exposed to naturally occurring zoonotic orthopoxviruses and, following these exposures, disease severity is worse in individuals who never received smallpox vaccination. This study investigated whether postexposure vaccination of prairie dogs with 2nd and 3rd generation smallpox vaccines was protective against monkeypox disease in four exposure scenarios. We infected animals with monkeypox virus at doses of 104 pfu (2× LD50) or 106 pfu (170× LD50) and vaccinated the animals with IMVAMUNE® or ACAM2000® either 1 or 3 days after challenge. Our results indicated that postexposure vaccination protected the animals to some degree from the 2× LD50, but not the 170× LD5 challenge. In the 2× LD50 challenge, we also observed that administration of vaccine at 1 day was more effective than administration at 3 days postexposure for IMVAMUNE®, but ACAM2000® was similarly effective at either postexposure vaccination time-point. The effects of postexposure vaccination and correlations with survival of total and neutralizing antibody responses, protein targets, take formation, weight loss, rash burden, and viral DNA are also presented.

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Viral Diseases

Munday

Wilhelm²

2020

Feline Dermatology

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Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in a Series of Cats

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Use of Next Generation Sequencing to study two cowpox virus outbreaks

Use of Next Generation Sequencing to study two cowpox virus outbreaks

IMVAMUNE® and ACAM2000® Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model

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