ATX-101 for reduction of submental fat

Wollina, Uwe; Goldman, Alberto

doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1019465

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1,5–8,11–19,21,22,28 The products on the market that have obtained approval from competent bodies (CE and Food and Drug Administration) do not contain FC and have been proven to be more efficient with respect to first-generation products. 1,2,20,38,39 However, all of them having a nonenzymatic mechanism of action, based only on a deterging effect, the selectivity is mainly determined by the position in which the substance is released. Nevertheless, among all the tissues, the adipose tissue is the most vulnerable because of poor protective factors (albumin and proteins in general).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intralipotherapy, the State of the Art

Amore

Pinto

Gritzalas

et al. 2016

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background:Reconstruction intralipotherapy is a term commonly used in the field of aesthetic medicine, above all in Europe, which defines a specific injection technique developed for the treatment of localized fat with substances that provoke the lysis of adipocytes by means of an injection directly into the adipose tissue with a long needle. The aim of this study is to define the technique in detail and everything that is associated with it, on the basis of years of multicenter experience by doctors who perform it.Materials and Methods:From January 2010 to December 2014, 3,080 European physicians were trained in intralipotherapy technique, and approximately 152,500 patients were treated. The adipocytolytic agent used is a Conformité Européene-certified device. The technique, equipment, protocol, posology, postoperative management, and adverse events are described below.Results:The intralipotherapy technique combined with the appropriate adipocytolytic agent has been shown to be effective in every zone on the average of 76.7% of the cases. The variability is due to the area treated and the patient. The standardization of the technique, homogeneity of the protocol, and the posttreatment management have been essential for standardizing the results and minimizing any adverse events. The latter occurred only in a small percentage of the cases, while those more serious have been extremely rare.Conclusion:This study shows how the intralipotherapic technique, when performed properly with an appropriate adipocytolytic device and when proper precautions are taken, can be effective and safe for reducing undesirable subcutaneous fat deposits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intralipotherapy, the State of the Art

Amore

Pinto

Gritzalas

et al. 2016

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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“…[35–37] SD acts like a detergent, causing adipolysis (or adipocytolysis) when injected directly into the area with extra fat tissue. [36, 38] SD lyses the adipocyte’s membrane, which is deficient in cell associated proteins, resulting in necrosis. [37, 38] The usage of SD has been limited to the removal of local fat tissue because the required active dose is high, 2 mg/ml (~ 5 mM) and 0.2 ml/cm 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total control of fat cells from adipogenesis to apoptosis using a xanthene analog

Tung

Han

2017

PLoS ONE

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Overcrowded adipocytes secrete excess adipokines and cytokines under stress, which results in a deregulated metabolism. This negative response to stress increases the possibility of obesity and several of its associated diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Therefore, a reduction in the number of adipocytes may be a rational strategy to relieve the undesired expansion of adipose tissue. A newly synthesized xanthene analog, MI-401, was found to have two distinct effects on the regulation of the adipocyte’s life cycle. MI-401 efficiently down regulated the expression of transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα, and lipogenesis proteins, FAS and FABP4. This down regulation resulted in the inhibition of adipogenesis. Without newly differentiated adipocytes, the total number of adipocytes will not increase. In addition to this inhibitory effect, MI-401 was able to actively kill mature adipocytes. It specifically triggered apoptosis in adipocytes at low micro molar concentration and spared preadipocytes and fibroblasts. These dual functionalities make MI-401 an effective agent in the regulation of the birth and death of adipocytes.

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“…Recently, fat size reduction by purified synthetic deoxycholic acid was demonstrated to induce local inflammation and fibrosis (Wollina and Goldman, 2015). The development of fibrosis and inflammation following PC/DC injection was also reported (Park et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%