This article presents certain important aspects of drinking and driving. We discuss the main issues regarding this subject, such as the consequences of drinking and driving and the economic implications of this behaviour. We also present how and where one should obtain reliable data for studies of Health Economics related to drinking and driving and the difficulties of this type of research. To highlight the main issues, articles on national and international health economics were used. In addition, this paper presents important consequences regarding the new regulations of the Brazilian Traffic Code.