Attribution of the Arctic ozone column deficit in March 2011

Isaksen, I. S. A.; Zerefos, C. S.; Wang, W.‐C.; Balis, D.; Eleftheratos, Kostas; Rognerud, B.; Stordal, Frøde; Berntsen, Terje; LaCasce, J. H.; Søvde, O. A.; Olivié, Dirk; Orsolini, Yvan; Zyrichidou, I.; Prather, Michael J.; Tuinder, O. N. E.

doi:10.1029/2012gl053876

Cited by 39 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Manney et al, 2011;Sinnhuber et al, 2011;Arnone et al, 2012;Kuttippurath et al, 2012;Hommel et al, 2014). The dynamical perspective, and thus the exceptional dynamical conditions of this winter, was discussed in detail by Hurwitz et al (2011), Isaksen et al (2012, Strahan et al (2013), and Shaw and Perlwitz (2014). Although the Arctic winter 2009/2010 was one of the warmest winters on record (Dörn-brack et al, 2012), it was distinguished by an exceptionally cold stratosphere (colder than the climatological mean) from mid-December 2009 to mid-January 2010, leading to prolonged PSC formation and significant denitrification (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulations of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 with Envisat/MIPAS and Aura/MLS observations

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We present model simulations with the atmospheric chemistry-climate model ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) nudged toward European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERAInterim reanalyses for the Arctic winters 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. This study is the first to perform an extensive assessment of the performance of the EMAC model for Arctic winters as previous studies have only made limited evaluations of EMAC simulations which also were mainly focused on the Antarctic winter stratosphere. We have chosen the two extreme Arctic winters 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 to evaluate the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the representation of the chemistry and dynamics of the polar winter stratosphere in EMAC. The EMAC simulations are compared to observations by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Soundings (Envisat/MIPAS) and the observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (Aura/MLS). The Arctic winter 2010/2011 was one of the coldest stratospheric winters on record, leading to the strongest depletion of ozone measured in the Arctic. The Arctic winter 2009/2010 was, from the climatological perspective, one of the warmest stratospheric winters on record. However, it was distinguished by an exceptionally cold stratosphere (colder than the climatological mean) from mid-December 2009 to mid-January 2010, leading to prolonged PSC formation and existence. Significant denitrification, the removal of HNO 3 from the stratosphere by sedimentation of HNO 3 -containing polar stratospheric cloud particles, occurred in that winter. In our comparison, we focus on PSC formation and denitrification. The comparisons between EMAC simulations and satellite observations show that model and measurements compare well for these two Arctic winters (differences for HNO 3 generally within ±20 %) and thus that EMAC nudged toward ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalyses is capable of giving a realistic representation of the evolution of PSCs and associated sequestration of gas-phase HNO 3 in the polar winter stratosphere. However, simulated PSC volume densities are smaller than the ones derived from Envisat/MIPAS observations by a factor of 3-7. Further, PSCs in EMAC are not simulated as high up (in altitude) as they are observed. This underestimation of PSC volume density and vertical extension of the PSCs results in an underestimation of the vertical redistribution of HNO 3 due to denitrification/re-nitrification. The differences found here between model simulations and observations stipulate further improvements in the EMAC set-up for simulating PSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulations of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 with Envisat/MIPAS and Aura/MLS observations

et al. 2018

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“…In the Antarctic region the ozone hole event recurs annually, but in the Arctic region severe ozone loss happens less frequently. The exceptionally reduced transport of ozone from midlatitudes into the Arctic region together with enhanced chemical ozone loss inside polar vortex caused the anomalously low ozone concentration over the North Pole in March 2011 Isaksen et al, 2012). The Arctic ozone depletion is not represented by the typical a priori profile used for this season and latitude and hereby offers a chance to verify the retrieved profiles under the challenging circumstances.…”

Section: Arctic Ozone Depletion 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of GOME-2/Metop-A ozone profiles with GOMOS, OSIRIS and MLS measurements

et al. 2016

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“…Arctic column ozone reached record low values (~230 DU) during March of 2011 ( [11][12][13]) exposing the Arctic ecosystems to enhanced UV-B radiation. In the study by Isaksen et al [13] ozone column north of 60 degrees N for the month of March in 2011 is given as 327 DU, compared with the range of average monthly values for the previous 10 years of 377 to 462 DU for the same region and the same month.…”

Section: Impact Of Transport On the Low Late-winter Ozone Values In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study by Isaksen et al [13] ozone column north of 60 degrees N for the month of March in 2011 is given as 327 DU, compared with the range of average monthly values for the previous 10 years of 377 to 462 DU for the same region and the same month. The highest average monthly value for March in the Arctic was found in 2010.…”

Section: Impact Of Transport On the Low Late-winter Ozone Values In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important changes in climate-chemistry interactions involving ozone occur via emission changes in ozone precursors and surface deposition of ozone due to changes in surface dryness ( [1,10]). Furthermore, ozone is affecting the stratosphere through impact on dynamical chemical processes ( [11][12][13]), and thereby on tropospheric gaseous distribution through modification of solar input ( [14]). Enhanced oxidation is due to higher temperatures in synoptic high pressure systems with more sunlight favoring ozone production [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Development and Technological Impact on CO2 Reducing Conditions in Romania

2016

Climate Policy

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Ozone and methane are chemically active climate-forcing agents affected by climate-chemistry interactions in the atmosphere. Key chemical reactions and processes affecting ozone and methane are presented. It is shown that climate-chemistry interactions have a significant impact on the two compounds. Ozone, which is a secondary compound in the atmosphere, produced and broken down mainly in the troposphere and stratosphre through chemical reactions involving atomic oxygen (O), NOx compounds (NO, NO 2 ), CO, hydrogen radicals (OH, HO 2 ), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and chlorine (Cl, ClO) and bromine (Br, BrO). Ozone is broken down through changes in the atmospheric distribution of the afore mentioned compounds. Methane is a primary compound emitted from different sources (wetlands, rice production, livestock, mining, oil and gas production and landfills).Methane is broken down by the hydroxyl radical (OH). OH is significantly affected by methane emissions, defined by the feedback factor, OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2014, 5 519 currently estimated to be in the range 1.3 to 1.5, and increasing with increasing methane emission. Ozone and methane changes are affected by NOx emissions. While ozone in general increase with increases in NOx emission, methane is reduced, due to increases in OH. Several processes where current and future changes have implications for climate-chemistry interactions are identified. It is also shown that climatic changes through dynamic processes could have significant impact on the atmospheric chemical distribution of ozone and methane, as we can see through the impact of Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO). Modeling studies indicate that increases in ozone could be more pronounced toward the end of this century. Thawing permafrost could lead to important positive feedbacks in the climate system. Large amounts of organic material are stored in the upper layers of the permafrost in the yedoma deposits in Siberia, where 2 to 5% of the deposits could be organic material. During thawing of permafrost, parts of the organic material that is deposited could be converted to methane. Furthermore, methane stored in deposits under shallow waters in the Arctic have the potential to be released in a future warmer climate with enhanced climate impact on methane, ozone and stratospheric water vapor. Studies performed by several groups show that the transport sectors have the potential for significant impacts on climate-chemistry interactions. There are large uncertainties connected to ozone and methane changes from the transport sector, and to methane release and climate impact during permafrost thawing.

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Attribution of the Arctic ozone column deficit in March 2011

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Comparison of ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulations of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 with Envisat/MIPAS and Aura/MLS observations

Comparison of ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulations of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 with Envisat/MIPAS and Aura/MLS observations

Comparison of GOME-2/Metop-A ozone profiles with GOMOS, OSIRIS and MLS measurements

Sustainable Development and Technological Impact on CO2 Reducing Conditions in Romania

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