Attribution of Guilt to Offspring of Perpetrators of the Genocide: Rwandan People's Perspectives

Abstract

Th is study, conducted inW hen a person has committed bad deeds toward someone or a group of persons, this person is deemed to be guilty. Guilt is attributed on the basis of a discrepancy between this person's behavior and social norms (e.g., the law). In some European and African countries, guilt can, for this reason, be associated with the absence of any concrete deed. For example, when a person has witnessed others' bad deeds and has decided not to do anything to redress the situation, this person is also deemed to be guilty, even if he or she has not personally benefi ted from the perpetrator's deeds (Belgium n.d.; Germany n.d.; Rwanda n.d.b). Although guilt from a juridical viewpoint is a dichotomous concept, retribution for being guilty is not. Th e level of severity of punishment or penalty depends on the many circumstances that surround the presence of antisocial behavior or the absence of prosocial behavior (e.g., attenuating circumstances).

Colombian People’s Willingness to Forgive Offenses against Women Perpetrated during the Armed Conflict

“…Data collection took place in 2015 and 2016, before the referendum; that is, at a time where the peace process in Colombia was still running and the cease fire was about to be signed. The procedure followed Anderson's (2008Anderson's ( , 2018 recommendations for this kind of study (see also Mukashema & Mullet, 2015). Each person was tested individually, and data collection was completed in a quiet room, usually in the participant's home.…”

Medición funcional en el campo de la Ética en Política

“…In the study by Mukashema and Mullet (2015), 55 participants aged 18 to 61, all of them coming from the group targeted by the genocide, were presented with 24 realistic vignettes composed by orthogonally crossing the levels of two factors: a) the target for the attribution of guilt (either the actor or the actor's son), and b) the level of involvement in the genocide (state official who planned the genocide and killing; state official who planned the genocide but did not participate; officer organizing the massacres locally and killing people as a matter of example; civil servant willingly killing family members; small farmer killing family members under officers' supervision; small farmer killing other people than family members; small farmer hurting people; truck driver informing the killers; supporter of the genocide living abroad; supporter who did not participate; opponent who remained a passive bystander; opponent who actively saved lives and was hurt).…”

“…In the long run, however, once the power of the amnestied person has faded, the legitimacy of the amnesty process is in danger of being strongly questioned. Mukashema and Mullet (2015) examined the attribution of guilt to offspring of people who were directly involved in the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda: To what extent can the son or grandson of a small farmer who participated in the genocide be considered as guilty of his father's or grandfather's deeds? This question is an important one because it has many implications for daily life in Rwanda and for the future of the country.…”

Young Beninese People’s Views Regarding Colonization: A Preliminary Study

“…It was an exploratory study; that is, we wished to know whether gathering and analyzing the views of young people who currently live in a former French colony -Benin --was feasible. As in many studies of this kind Kpanake & Mullet, 2011, Mukashema & Mullet, 2015Mullet et al, 2016), the current study used realistic scenarios. In this study the scenarios depicted the situation of a country that has just been granted independence.…”