“…The second trend is associated with the impact of women on boards on earnings, risk, and management (Bogdan et al 2022;Elzahar et al 2022;Guizani and Abdalkrim, 2022;Huang and Mirza, 2023;Huang and Kisgen, 2013;Levi et al 2014;Ma et al 2022;Mensah and Boachie, 2023;Neuberger et al 2023;Pucheta-Martínez et al 2016, 2018Pucheta-Martínez and Bel-Oms, 2019;Sattar et al 2022;Shauki and Oktavini, 2022;Zalata et al 2022). For example, Pucheta-Martínez et al (2016, 2018 revealed that having female institutional directors on boards can increase firm value, but if their representation exceeds a particular threshold, it may lead to a decline in firm performance.…”